|
AS PER I. P. SPECIFICATIONS
|
ANHYDROUS
PURE
|
ANHYDROUS
REFINED TECHNICAL
|
| 99-101% Purity as
CH3COONA.3H2O |
98.5% Purity as
CH3COONA. (No H2O) |
98.5% Purity as
CH3COONA. (No H2O) |
| White Powder |
Super Snow-White Powder |
Snow-White Powder |
| A 10% Solution w/v is clear and colourless |
A 10% Solution w/v is clear and colourless |
A 10% Solution w/v is clear and colourless |
| pH between 7.5-9 |
pH between 7.5-9 |
pH between 7.5-9 |
| Arsenic < 2ppm. |
Arsenic < 1ppm. |
Arsenic < 1ppm. |
| Calcium and magnesium to pass the test
50ppm |
Calcium and magnesium to pass the test
20ppm |
Calcium and magnesium to pass the test
50ppm |
| Heavy Metals < 10ppm |
Heavy Metals < 1ppm |
Heavy Metals < 1ppm |
| Iron < 20ppm |
Iron < 5ppm |
Iron < 5ppm |
| Chloride < 250ppm |
Chloride < 20ppm |
Chloride < 100ppm |
| Sulphate < 225ppm |
Sulphate < 10ppm |
Sulphate < 20ppm |
| PACKING |
50 Kg. in HDPE Bags with liner |
50 Kg. in HDPE Bags with liner |
We offer Sodium Acetate IP, Sodium Acetate
BP, Sodium Acetate
USP
or Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques
Sodium Acetate Indian Pharmacopoeia
IP Grade
|
Specifications |
ANHYDROUS PURE |
ANHYDROUS TECHNICAL
|
|
Purity |
99 % minimum purity as CH3COONa
|
98.5% minimum purity as CH3COONa
|
|
Appearance |
Snow-White Powder |
White to Off-White Powder |
|
Clarity of 10% Sod. Acetate Solution |
A 10% Solution w/v is clear and
colourless |
A 10% Solution w/v is clear |
|
pH (10%
Sod. Acetate
in water) |
pH between 7.5-9 |
pH between 7.5-9 |
|
Arsenic |
Arsenic < 1ppm. |
Arsenic < 1ppm. |
|
Calcium and Magnesium
|
Calcium and magnesium to pass the test
50 ppm |
Calcium and magnesium to pass the test
100 ppm |
|
Heavy Metals |
Heavy Metals < 1ppm |
Heavy Metals < 1ppm |
|
Iron |
Iron < 5ppm |
Iron < 5ppm |
|
Chloride |
Chloride < 250ppm |
Chloride < 1000ppm |
|
Sulphate < 225ppm |
Sulphate < 200ppm |
Sulphate < 500ppm |
|
Packing
of Sodium Acetate |
As required |
As required |
Sodium Acetate United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) Grade
|
Particulars
|
USP
|
|
Dry
Basis Assay
|
99
to 101%
|
|
Characteristics
|
Colourless Crystals
|
|
Solubility
|
Soluble
in 0.8 part of water and in 19 parts of Ethanol
(96%)
|
|
Clarity
and colour of 10% w/v solution
|
Clear
and Colourless
|
|
Alkalinity
(pH of 5% solution)
|
7.5-9.0
|
|
Arsenic
|
2
ppm
|
|
Calcium
and Magnesium (calculated as Ca)
|
50
ppm
|
|
Heavy
Metals as Lead
|
10
ppm
|
|
Iron
|
10
ppm
|
|
Chloride
|
200
ppm
|
|
Sulphate
|
200
ppm
|
|
Reducing
Substances
|
Passes
test
|
|
Packing
|
In
50 Kg HDPE bags with HMHDPE liner
|
Sodium Acetate:
Sodium acetate, (also sodium ethanoate) is the sodium salt of acetic acid. It is an
inexpensive chemical produced in industrial quantities for a wide range of
uses.
Applications
|
Sodium
acetate
|
|
|
|
IUPAC name
|
sodium acetate (IUPAC)
sodium ethanoate (systematic)
|
|
Other names
|
sodium salt
|
|
Identifiers
|
|
CAS number
|
127-09-3 (anhydrous)
6131-90-4 (trihydrate)
|
|
Properties
|
|
Molecular formula
|
CH3COONa
|
|
Molar mass
|
82.03 g/mol (anhydrous)
136.08 g/mol (trihydrate)
|
|
Appearance
|
White deliquescent powder
|
|
Density
|
1.45 g/cm³, solid
|
|
Melting point
|
Decomposes at 324 °C
|
|
Boiling point
|
Decomposes
|
|
Solubility in water
|
76 g/100 ml (0°C)
|
|
Basicity (pKb)
|
9.25
|
Sodium acetate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.
It is the chemical that gives salt and vinegar chips (crisps) their flavor. It may also be
added to foods as a preservative; in this application it is usually written as
"sodium diacetate" and labeled E262.
As the conjugate base of a weak acid, a solution of sodium acetate and
acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. This is useful especially in biochemical
applications where reactions are pH dependent.
Traditional applications of this buffering agent include
the leather tanning and dye industries. It is used in
TANNING to effect a more even and rapid penetration of the tan. In
the TEXTILE industry, it is considered a dye
and color intermediate, with specific use as a mordant in the dyeing
process. Because of its ability to remove insoluble calcium salts, sodium
acetate is further used by the textile industry to improve the wearing
quality of finished fabrics.
It is considered one of the best agents
available for the neutralization of mineral acids. It is commonly used in
SOAP MAKING.
The FOOD industry relies on
it
as a buffer in controlling pH of food items during various stages of
processing as well as for the finished consumable item. Sodium acetate is
also used as a flavor enhancer in meat and poultry.
It may be added to foods as a
seasoning, and to alcoholic beverages to
decrease the risk of a hangover.
As the conjugate base of a weak acid, a
solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid
can act as a BUFFER SOLUTION to keep a
relatively constant pH. This is useful
especially in biochemical applications where
reactions are pH dependent.
The COSMETICS industry also values a good
buffering agent, so it uses sodium acetate in a wide variety of personal
care items.
In PLASTICS manufacturing,
it is used as a retarder for elastomers (polymers with elastic properties of
rubber). The PHOTOGRAPHIC industry traditionally included
it in its developer formula.
Newer applications of sodium acetate include its use as a
carbon source in WATER TREATMENT. Acetate is a safe and
environmentally-friendly alternative to hazardous methanol for the
denitrification of wastewater.
The PETROLEUM industry relies on
it as a buffering agent in petroleum production, drilling muds, and
completion fluids.
It is also used in consumer HEATING PADS
or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate
crystals melt at 58 °C, dissolving in their water of crystallization. When
they are heated to around 100 °C, and subsequently allowed to cool, the
aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of
supercooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By clicking on a
metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed which causes
the solution to crystallize into solid sodium acetate trihydrate again. The
bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic, hence heat is
emitted. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some other
types of heat packs that depend on irreversible chemical reactions, sodium
acetate heat packs can be easily recharged by boiling until all crystals are
dissolved. Therefore they can be recycled indefinitely.
The MEDICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL industry uses
it in formula for diuretic expectorants and systemic alkalizers.
It is commonly used in dry blends for renal dialysis. The heat of
crystallization generated by it is widely and effectively used
in the heat pack industry.
Another new application of this versatile chemical is in
poultry farming. Sodium acetate is added to drinking water for chickens to
help prevent disease conditions associated with overheating and dehydration.
It is widely used in de-icer products, especially at airports
It is also used as a buffer in petroleum production, and for kidney
dialysis processes.
All in all, sodium acetate indeed is a remarkable chemical
with applications span a wide range of industries.
Sodium Acetate -
Clinical Pharmacology
Sodium is the
principal cation of
extracellular fluid. It
comprises more than 90% of total
cations at its normal plasma
concentration of approximately
140 mEq/liter. The sodium ion
exerts a primary role in
controlling total body water and
its distribution.
Acetate (CH3COO−
), a source of hydrogen ion
acceptors, is an alternate
source of bicarbonate (HCO3−)
by metabolic conversion in the
liver. This has been shown to
proceed readily, even in the
presence of severe liver
disease.
Indications and Usage for Sodium Acetate
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is indicated as a source of sodium, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions.
Contraindications
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is contraindicated in patients with hypernatremia or fluid retention.
Warnings
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq must be diluted before use.
To avoid sodium overload and water retention, infuse sodium-containing solutions slowly.
Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium ions may result in sodium retention.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. Acetate should be administered with great care in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of this ion, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.
The intravenous administration of this solution (after appropriate dilution) can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of other serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. Excessive administration of potassium free solutions may result in significant hypokalemia.
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
Precautions
Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.
Sodium replacement therapy should be guided primarily by the serum sodium level.
Caution should be exercised in administering sodium-containing solutions to patients with severe renal function impairment, cirrhosis, cardiac failure, or other edematous or sodium-retaining states, as well as in patients with oliguria or anuria.
Caution must be exercised in the administration of parenteral fluids, especially those containing sodium ions, to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.
Solutions containing acetate ions should be used with caution as excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis.
Pregnancy Category C.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Sodium Acetate. It is also not known whether Sodium Acetate can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Sodium Acetate should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Pediatric Use:
Safety and effectiveness have been established in the age groups infant to adolescent.
Geriatric Use:
An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Sodium ions are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
Adverse Reactions
Sodium overload can occur with intravenous infusion of excessive amounts of sodium-containing solutions. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.
Overdosage
In the event of overdosage, discontinue infusion containing the ingradient immediately and institute corrective therapy as indicated to reduce elevated serum sodium levels, and restore acid-base balance if necessary.
Sodium Acetate Dosage and Administration
Sodium Acetate Injection, USP 40 mEq is administered intravenously only after dilution in a larger volume of fluid. The dose and rate of administration are dependent upon the individual needs of the patient. Serum sodium should be monitored as a guide to dosage. Using aseptic technique, all or part of the contents of one or more vials may be added to other intravenous fluids to provide any desired number of milliequivalents (mEq) of sodium (Na+) with an equal number of acetate (CH3COO−).
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.
Preparation
It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic
acid with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. These reactions produce sodium acetate (aq), water, and carbon
dioxide, which leaves the reaction vessel as a gas, is produced by the first
two.
CH3–COOH + Na+[HCO3]– → CH3–COO– Na+ + H2O +
CO2
This is the well-known "fizzing" reaction between baking
soda and vinegar. 84 grams of sodium bicarbonate react
with 750 g of 8% vinegar to make 82 g sodium acetate in water. By subsequently
boiling off most of the water, one can refine either a concentrated solution of
sodium acetate or actual crystals.
Reactions
Sodium acetate can be used to form an ester with an alkyl
halide such as bromoethane:
H3C–COO–
Na+ + Br–CH2–CH3 → H3C–COO–CH2–CH3
+ NaBr
In such a reaction, the it is usually complexed with caesium in order to increase the nucleophilicity of the
carboxylate group. For an exhaustive writeup on the subject go to
University of Sodium
Acetate
For more information contact
manufacturer at:
MUBY CHEMICALS
S-8, SARIFA MANSION,
2ND FLANK ROAD,
CHINCHBUNDER, MUMBAI 400009, INDIA.
TEL: (OFFICE) 91-22-23770100, 23774610, 23726950,
23723564. FAX: 91-22-23728264.
e-mail:
info@mubychem.com
Cell Call to Anmol:
+91-9821870100 or Ambrish: +91-9821570100
