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Links: Zinc
Chloride
Ammonium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Sodium
Acetate
Sodium Thiosulphate
or Sodium Thiosulfate
Sodium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride
Mono
& Di Ammonium Phosphate
Mono Di
& Tri Sodium Phosphate
Mono Di
& Tri
Potassium Phosphate
Iron Sulphide or
Ferrous Sulfide
Sodium
Bromide
Potassium Bromide
Zinc
Sulfate or Zinc Sulphate
PCB
Etchant or Ammonical Etchant
Zinc Ammonium Chloride
Galvanizing Flux
Sodium
Di-Acetate
Sodium Formaldehyde Bisulfite or Sodium Hydroxymethane Sulfonate
Sodium Monochloro Acetate or Sodium Chloroacetate
Aromatic & Perfumery
Oil Field Chemicals
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
SPECIFICATIONS
CAS No.: 10043-52-4
Molecular Weight: 110.98
Chemical Formula: CaCl2
Calcium Chloride Food Grade Dihydrate A.R.
& Hexahydrate
Calcium Chloride
IP, BP, USP, EP.
GRADES OF
CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND SPECIFICATIONS.
|
HARD FUSED/SOLID |
DOUBLE FUSED |
ANHYDROUS |
| Assay
72-75% |
Assay 80-85% |
Assay 94-98% |
Appearance White
Lumps |
Appearance White
Lumps or Powder |
Appearance White
Lumps or Powder
|
| Magnesium 0.3% max.
|
Magnesium 0.3% max.
|
Magnesium 0.3% max.
|
| Iron 100 ppm max.
|
Iron 100 ppm max.
|
Iron 100 ppm max.
|
| Dry Basis Assay 98%
min. |
Dry Basis Assay 98%
min. |
Dry Basis Assay 98%
min. |
| In 50 Kgs. HDPE bag
with HMHDP liner. |
In 50 Kgs. HDPE bag
with double HMHDP liners |
In 50 Kgs. HDPE bag
with double HMHDP liners |
Calcium Chloride ...Food Grade and Indian Pharma Grade.
SPECIFICATIONS
|
Particulars |
Anhydrous. |
Di-hydrate. |
| Assay |
93% min.
as CaCl2 |
97 to 103% as
CaCl2.2H2O |
| Arsenic |
0.0003% max. 3 ppm.
max. |
0.0003% max. <3 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) |
0.001% max. 10 ppm.
max. |
0.001% max. <10
ppm. |
| Heavy Metal as (Pb) |
0.0003% max. 3 ppm.
max. |
0.0003% max. <3 ppm. |
| Magnesium/Alkali |
1% max |
1% max. |
| Clarity of 10% Soln. |
Clear & Colourles |
Clear & Colourles |
| Free Acid or
Alkali |
0.005%max. & pH
4.5-9
0.2ML OF 0.01M HCl/NaOH TO 10ML OF 10% |
0.005%max. & pH
4.5-9
0.2ML OF 0.01M HCl/NaOH TO 10ML OF 10% |
|
Passes Standards of |
Food Grade. |
I.P. Std. |
Calcium Chloride Di-hydrate & Calcium
Chloride A. R. (PURE)
|
CALCIUM CHLORIDE DI-HYDRATE
EXTRA PURE; A. R. MERCK SPECIFICATIONS. |
| Assay |
97%-103%. as
CaCl2.2H2O |
| Free
Acid or Alkali |
0.005%
Max. as HCl OR Ca(OH)2. |
| Sulphate
(SO4) |
0.01%
Max. |
| Iron |
0.001%
Max. |
Calcium Chloride
Hexahydrate (EXTRA PURE)
The Hexahydrate
grade is used in the pharmaceutical industry as well as
for passive cooling applications as a latent heat energy storage material. We
expertise in the manufacture of hexahydrate calcium chloride and are totally
equipped to offer the best grade for latent heat storage applications with
user-specified melting temperature (m.p.).
|
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
HEXAHYDRATE EXTRA PURE; A. R. MERCK SPECIFICATIONS. |
|
Assay |
99%-101%. as
CaCl2.6H2O |
| Free
Acid or Alkali |
0.005%
Max. as HCl OR Ca(OH)2. |
| Sulphate
(SO4) |
0.01%
Max. |
| Iron |
0.001%
Max. |
| Magnesium |
0.05%
Max. |
Calcium
Chloride....Gas Grade
.
We have actively assisted Dissolved Acetylene Gas manufacturers and
developed the right grade which drastically reduces the Poisoning of Cylinders.
This grade of Calcium
chloride can also be used for desiccating other gases.
Calcium Chloride....Desiccation of Solvents & Gases.
We have actively assisted several Solvent manufacturers,
Dissolved Acetylene Gas manufacturers and developed the right grade which
drastically reduces the Poisoning of Cylinders. Grades suitable for any density
of Solvents, for use in Azotropic or Azeotropic Distillation Desiccation
Hydrocarbon Drying and Drying of any type of Gases are offered.
Calcium Chloride....Heat-Treatment Salt Grade.
Our group was a manufacturer of Heat-treatment Salts,
manufacturing under Die-Hard brand name. We are totally equipped to offer the
best grade of Calcium chloride for this use.
Calcium Chloride....Cement Paint Grade.
Our association with Cement Paint manufacturers is since
last 35 years. We can suggest the best and/or economical grades for Cement Paint
Industry. Use of 2% Calcium chloride in Cement or Cement Paint is very
beneficial in getting good hardness in very less time of curing.
Calcium Chloride ...Graphic Grade.
A
quickly soluble grade of Calcium Chloride is offered for this use.
Calcium Chloride...Refrigeration or Brine Grade.
A Brine may be defined as liquid of low freezing point used
in transmission of refrigeration without change of state. The brines commonly
employed in refrigeration are Calcium Chloride and Sodium Chloride. Sodium
Chloride is cheaper but cannot be used below minus 150C.
Calci. Cloride of commercial grade can operate satisfactorily upto minus 400C.
Its use above 33% should be avoided as it results in
crystallization resulting in reduced efficiency. The material selected
should be adjusted to pH of around 8 and it should be free from free-acid and
dirt. Coloured material should not be used as it results in corrosion and
scaling of the tubes. For the same reason by-product material is not
desirable as it contains Organic Chlorides which may break into Hydrogen
Chloride.
We offer Calcium
Chloride IP,
Calcium Chloride
BP,
Calcium Chloride
USP or Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant
Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008
Certified Company using standard GMP techniques
INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
CALCIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE
(CaCl2.2H2O)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT - 147.02
|
DESCRIPTION
|
WHITE, CRYSTALLINE
POWDER OR FRAGMENTS OR GRANULES; ODOURLESS; HYGROSCOPIC. |
|
|
|
SOLUBILITY
|
FREELY SOLUBLE IN
WATER AND IN ETHANOL (95%). |
|
|
|
STANDARD
|
CONTENT NOT LESS THAN 97.0% AND NOT MORE THAN THE EQUIVALENT OF
103.0 OF CaCl2.2H2O. |
|
|
|
IDENTIFICATION
|
A 10% W/W SOLUTION GIVES THE
REACTIONS OF CALCIUM SALTS AND OF CHLORIDES. |
|
|
|
CLARITY AND
|
A 10% w/w SOLUTION
IS CLEAR & COLOURLESS. |
|
COLOUR OF SOLN.
|
|
|
|
ACIDITY & ALKALINITY
|
TO 10 ML OF A
FRESHLY PREPARED 10% w/w SOLUTION ADD 2 DROPS OF PHENOLPHTHALEIN
SOLUTION. TITRATE IT WITH 0.01N HYDROCHLORIC ACID OR 0.01N SODIUM
HYDROXIDE; NOT MORE THAN 0.2 ML IS REQUIRED. |
|
|
|
ARSENIC
|
NOT MORE THAN 3
PARTS PER MILLION. |
|
|
|
IRON
|
NOT MORE THAN 20
PARTS PER MILLION. |
|
|
|
HEAVY METALS
|
NOT MORE THAN 10
PARTS PER MILLION. |
|
|
|
MAGNESIUM &
|
NOT MORE THAN 1%. |
|
ALKALI SALTS
|
|
|
|
ALUMINUM AND
|
TO PASS THE TEST. |
|
PHOSPHATE |
|
|
|
BARIUM
|
TO PASS THE TEST. |
|
|
|
SULPHATE
|
NOT MORE THAN 300
PARTS PER MILLION. |
Calcium Chloride:
Calcium chloride (CaCl2), is an
ionic
compound of
calcium
and
chlorine.
It is highly
soluble
in water and it is
deliquescent.
It is a
salt
that is
solid
at
room
temperature, and it behaves as a typical
ionic
halide.
It has several common applications such as
brine
for refrigeration plants,
ice
and dust control on roads, and in
cement.
It can be produced directly from
limestone,
but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the
Solvay
process. Because of its
hygroscopic
nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.
Natural occurrence
Natural occurrence of a dihydrate (mineral sinjarite) and
hexahydrate (antarcticite) is very rare and connected mainly
with dry lakes and brines. Chlorocalcite KCaCl3 is a
related mineral (also very rare).
Chemical properties
It can serve as a source of
calcium ions
in
solution,
for instance for
precipitation because many calcium
compounds
are
insoluble:
3 CaCl2(aq)
+ 2 K3PO4(aq)
→ Ca3(PO4)2(s)
+ 6 KCl(aq)
Molten CaCl2 can be
electrolyzed
to give calcium metal:
CaCl2(l)
→ Ca(s)
+ Cl2(g)
Uses (Industrial)
Millions of
tons
of calcium chloride are made each year across the globe, and it has a wide
variety of industrial applications.
Because it is strongly
hygroscopic,
air
or other gases may be channeled through a column of
Calcium chloride to remove
moisture. In particular, it is used to pack
drying tubes
to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to
escape. It can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water.
The dissolving process is highly
exothermic
and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60 °C
(140 °F).
In this capacity, it is known as a drying agent or
desiccant.
It is converted to a
brine
as it absorbs the
water
or water
vapor from the substance to be dried:
CaCl2
+ 2 H2O → CaCl2·2H2O
Aided by the intense heat evolved during its
dissolution, it is also used as an
ice-melting
compound. Unlike the more-common
sodium
chloride (rock salt or
halite),
it is relatively harmless to plants and soil; however, recent observations in
Washington state suggest it may be particularly harsh on roadside evergreen
trees. It is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride.
When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small white balls a
few millimeters in diameter, called
prills.
Used for its
hygroscopic
property, it can be applied to keep a liquid layer on the surface of the
roadway, which holds dust down. Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to help speed up
the initial setting, however chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel
rebar,
so it should not be used in
reinforced
concrete.
Aqueous calcium chloride (in solution with
water) lowers the freezing point as low as -52°C (-62°F), making it ideal for
filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in
cold climates.
Other industrial applications include use as
an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an
additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in
blast
furnaces, and as a thinner in
fabric
softener.
It is widely used to melt ice. Because one of its
chief uses is as a drying and dehydrating agent, it is used by many
municipalities in de-icing roadways.
It is used for dust control application too.
It's is sprinkled on dusty sideways. Due to it's moisture retaining properties,
calcium chloride helps in control of dust.
Farmers were the first ones to figure out that if you add weight to
a tractor, you get better traction. This was the genesis of the
benefits of calcium chloride in tire traction. You have CaCl2 to thank for those tires with good traction.
It is used in the automotive industry to obtain better
traction.
Other listed uses are:
It helps to set paper dyes by providing artificial
water hardness.
It is
used in the Portland cement manufacturing as an additive to reduce
alkali content of cement.
It is
used in the plastics industry like PVC-bending etc.
Calcium chloride
is
used in concrete additive to accelerate its hydration at low
temperatures, to give the concrete durability and strength, to
accelerate its setting.
It
is used together with Zinc Chloride in electroplating of bright zinc
on steel as the electrolyte. It may be used in electroplating of
other metals too.
It is used in
the petroleum industry is drying petroleum fractions like
diesel, kerosene and other hydrocarbon fractions.
It is
used as catalyst in organic technology, for polymerization of
ethylene and propylene, for oxichlorination of ethane to vinyl
chloride, for dehydration of alcohols.
It is used as base
stabilization for road construction.
It is used for freeze-proofing
sand for winter road application.
It is used for
removal of phosphates and fluorides
in effluent treatment plants.
It
is used for
mines and oil well drilling.
It is used
as a
supplement or for calcium deficiency
in animals.
It is used in
agriculture it is for
improving the product quality like
tomato skin.
It is
used Drilling
muds & chemicals.
It
is
a compound of
significant interest
to many marine
aquarists. Besides
its potential use in
formulating
artificial salt
mixes, it is also
useful in directly
supplementing
calcium to aquaria.
....and ......
Uses (food)
As an ingredient, Calcium Chloride
is a permitted food additive in the European Union for use as a
sequestrant
and firming
agent with the
E number
E509. The anhydrous form has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to
ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).
It is commonly used as an
Electrolyte
and has an extremely
salty
taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as
Smartwater
and Nestle
bottled water. It can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in
canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in
pickles
to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's
sodium
content. It is even found in snack foods, including
Cadbury
Caramilk chocolate bars (purpose unknown).
It can be used to make a
caviar
substitute from vegetable or fruit juices or added to processed milk to restore
the natural balance between calcium and protein for the purposes of making
cheese such as
brie
and stilton.
Calcium chloride's exothermic properties are exploited in many 'self heating'
food products where it is activated (mixed) with water to start the heating
process, providing a non-explosive, dry fuel that is easily activated.
Calcium chloride prevents spoilage of food and is popularly
used as a preservative in packed foods. It also helps to keep the food healthy
and fresh for a longer duration. As pasteurized milk greatly diminishes calcium
content, calcium chloride is added in small amounts to aid coagulation and form
quality curd. It is also an important cheese making additive. The
water solution of CaCl2 is used in refrigerators. The solution is an
essential cooling agent for making ice.
It helps in lowering the freezing or melting
point of water. It melts ice faster than any other chemical
compound and that is why in extremely cold conditions, the highway department
applies it in a powder form on the roads and sidewalks. It is also widely used
as an additive in the paper making industry and in the manufacturing of dyes.
Calcium chloride is also often used as a dehydrating agent in the petrochemical
industry, due to its ability to deprive a chemical compound of its water
content.
In brewing beers (esp. ales and bitters),
calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the
brewing water (calcium is important for enzyme function during the mash, for
kettle protein coagulation (the "hot break") and yeast metabolism) and adds
permanent hardness to the water. The chloride ions enhance flavour and give a
perception of sweetness and fuller flavour, whereas the sulfate ions in
Gypsum,
which is also used to add calcium ions to brewing water, tend to impart a drier,
crisper flavour with more bitterness.
Calcium Chloride is also used in making
cheese. It improves curd size and texture when using store bought milk. One
teaspoon of 30% solution will treat 2 gallons of milk. To compensate for the
processing of store bought milk, add calcium chloride prior to adding rennet to
the cheese mixture. The addition of calcium chloride will help restore the
altered milk protein and aid in the development of a quality curd.
It is strongly
hygroscopic, a layer of its solution is applied on roads and in mines to
minimize dust problems. It is often added to concrete mixes as it
has been proved that concrete containing it hardens rapidly, thus reducing the
time of setting. It provides greater concrete strength. Unlike
other chemical compounds, it does not damage the concrete. When added in liquids to remove dissolved water, a huge amount of
heat is released and the temperature rises. This property is often used to start
the heating process required for industrial purposes.
Agriculture Uses:
A number of studies show crop responses to foliar calcium,
but these are not necessarily based on experiments with Calcium Chloride form. For
example, a spray that contained calcium oxide increased yields and average fruit
size of tomatoes. In agriculture, it has been used to manage about
35 different physiological
disorders of plants. Annual sprays of CaCl2 increased yields of Anjou
pears and decreased incidence of alfalfa greening and cork spot. Late season
sprays of calcium chloride reduced cork spot and increased yields of pears. Four
sprays in a season on Bartlett pears increased yields and reduced incidence of
black end by 25-68%. Bitter pit of apples was slightly reduced by sprays, but
considerably reduced by a 30-40 second dip of 1-4% calcium chloride. Sprays of
developing fruit on fig trees reduced the susceptibility to fruit cracking.
It reduced physiological disorders of lettuce when sprayed once or
twice a week before head formation.
Other listed uses
are:
Pickles - Placing fresh cucumbers in a tank containing a solution of 5% calcium
chloride and 7.0% sodium chloride reduces softening during fermentation.
Apples - Immersing apples in a 3.0 - 8.0%
CaCl2 solution reduces cork
spotting and bitter-pit problems.
Cherries - Brining sweet cherries in a 2.5 - 4.0% solution of
Calcium Chloride
preserves their firmness.
Olives - Brining Black Ripe and Greek olives in a solution containing 0.5 - 1.0%
CaCl2
maintains their firmness.
Fruits and Vegetables: it is used in to increase the firmness of fruits and
vegetables, preventing breakup in processing and cooking.
Cheese Manufacturing:
It
is used to increase the size and strength of the curds.
Beverage Manufacturing: The bottling industry uses it to remove sodium
alkalinity from water used in soft drink and beer formulation. Water is then
remineralized to desired levels assuring uniform taste regardless of processing
location.
Novelty Ice Cream:
Calcium Chloride
is also used as a refrigerant in molds used
to manufacture novelty ice cream and frozen dessert products.
It
is also used as a meat tenderizer and a flavor enhancer.
Uses (biological/medical)
Calcium chloride can be injected as
intravenous
therapy for the treatment of
hypocalcaemia (low serum calcium). It can be used for: insect bites or
stings (such as Black Widow Spider bites); sensitivity reactions, particularly
when characterized by
urticaria
(hives); magnesium intoxication; as an aid in management of the acute symptoms
in lead colic; in cardiac resuscitation, particularly after open heart surgery.
Parenteral
calcium can be used when
epinephrine
has failed to improve weak or ineffective
myocardial
contractions.
CaCl2 injection may antagonize cardiac toxicity as
measured by electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG).
It can help rapidly lower dangerously-high
levels of serum
potassium
in hyperkalemia.
It can be used to quickly treat Calcium
Channel Blocker toxicity, from the side effects of drugs such as Diltiazem (Cardizem)
- helping avoid potential heart attacks.
The aqueous form of calcium chloride is used
in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability,
inducing competence for DNA uptake (allowing DNA fragments to enter the cell more
readily).
Calcium Chloride can also be used in the
reef
aquarium hobby for adding bio-available calcium in solution for
calcium-using animals such as
algae,
snails,
hard tube
worms, and
Corals
although the use of
calcium
hydroxide (kalkwasser mix) or a
calcium
reactor is the preferred method of adding calcium. However, calcium
chloride is the quickest method to increase calcium levels as it dissolves
readily in water.
General Precautions
The product is an irritant, particularly on moist skin.
Dry material reacts exothermically when exposed to
water. Burns can result in the mouth and esophagus if humans or
other animals ingest dry calcium chloride. Small children are
more susceptible than adults (who generally have had experience
trying to eat hot food, and can react accordingly) so it should be kept out of their reach.
For an exhaustive write up on Calcium Chloride you may visit
University of Calcium
Chloride
For more information contact manufacturer at:
MUBY CHEMICALS
S-8, SARIFA MANSION, 2ND FLANK ROAD, CHINCHBUNDER, MUMBAI
400009, INDIA.
TEL: (OFFICE) 91-22-23770100, 23774610, 23726950, 23723564. FAX:
91-22-23728264.
e-mail:
info@mubychem.com
Cell
Call to Anmol: +91-9821870100 or Ambrish: +91-9821570100
Copyright
and Usual
Disclaimer
is Applicable.
Last
updated: 01 November, 2009.
University of Phase Change Material
Zinc
Chloride
Zinc
Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent & Food Grade
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent Food Grade
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent Food Grade
Sod.
Acetate
Sodium Acetate BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent Food Grade
Sodium Thiosulphate
or Sodium Thiosulfate
Sodium Thiosulfate or Sodium Thiosulphate BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical
Reagent Food Grade
Mono Ammonium Phosphate and Di
Ammonium Phosphate
Mono Sodium Phosphate Di Sodium
Phosphate & Tri Sodium Phosphate
Mono Potassium Phosphate, Di
Potassium Phosphate & Tri Potassium Phosphate
Iron Sulphide or Ferrous Sulfide
Sodium Bromide
Potassium Bromide ,
Zinc Sulphate or Zinc Sulfate
Sodium Diacetate
PCB Copper Etchant or Ammonical
Etchant
Zinc Ammonium Chloride
Flux
University of Ammonium Chloride
University of Zinc Chloride
University of Potassium Chloride
University of Sodium Acetate
University of Phase Change Material