Muby Chemicals, Anmol Chemicals and a few more  manufacturing units are owned by Kamdar Family. Mubychem Group is the pioneer manufacturer of Zinc Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Acetate, etc. in India. Established in 1976, we have led a quality revolution across our product range. Currently we have 5 manufacturing facilities spread across Gujarat and Maharashtra (Western India). Our facility is Food & Drug Administration (FDA) GMP approved to manufacture a wide range of pharmaceutical excipients and food chemicals. We have ISO-9000 certification and FDA approval. ISO-9001-2008 Certificate.

 

ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company

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All the Physics, Chemistry, Applications and Manufacture of Zinc Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Potassium Chloride,
Sodium Chloride, Sodium Acetate etc. is on this page and the links. For more surfing you may use the search box.

           

Jumbo Bags Packing for Export

 

The manufactured Chemicals are as under:

       1. Zinc Chloride for Zinc Chloride Technical, Zinc Chloride Battery Grade, Zinc Chloride Low Moisture, Zinc Chloride for Friedel Craft Reaction. Zinc Chloride for Azotropic or Azeotropic Distillation, Zinc Chloride Free-Flowing, Zinc Chloride Pure, Zinc Chloride Extra Pure, Zinc Chloride IP, Zinc Chloride BP, Zinc Chloride USP, Zinc Chloride EP. Zinc Chloride ACS, Zinc Chloride AR Analytical Reagent..
       2. Ammonium Chloride for Ammonium Chloride Technical white, Ammonium Chloride Pure, Ammonium Chloride Extra Pure, Ammonium Chloride Caking Ammonium Chloride Anti-caking, Ammonium Chloride IP, Ammonium Chloride BP, Ammonium Chloride USP, Ammonium Chloride Bricks, Ammonium Chloride Bars, Ammonium Chloride Latta, Ammonium Chloride Tablets & Ammonium Chloride Pallets offered too.
       3. Calcium Chloride for Calcium Chloride Solid, Fused, Anhydrous; Calcium Chloride Pellets; Calcium Chloride Lye-Solution-Brine, Calcium Chloride; Food Grade, Pharmaceutical Grade, IP, BP, USP, EP, Merck Index; Calcium Chloride Dihydrate Crystals; Calcium Chloride Dissolved Acetylene (DA) gas grade, Calcium Chloride Desiccation grade, Solvent Drying grade; Calcium Chloride Cement Paint grade, Photography/Printing grade, Plastic grade, Refrigeration grade, Heat Treatment Salt grade; Calcium Chloride  Cement Hardening or Accelerator grade, De-icing or Ice Melting use, Dust Control use; Calcium Chloride for Azotropic or Azeotropic Distillation.
       4. Sodium Acetate for Sodium Acetate Crystals, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, Sodium Acetate Anhydrous, Sodium Acetate Pure, Sodium Acetate Extra Pure, Sodium Acetate IP, Sodium Acetate BP, Sodium Acetate USP, Sodium Acetate EP. 
       5. Potassium Chloride for Potassium Chloride Technical, Potassium Chloride Pure, Potassium Chloride Extra Pure, Potassium Chloride  Pharma Grade, Potassium Chloride IP, Potassium Chloride BP, Potassium Chloride USP, Potassium Chloride EP, Potassium Chloride Nutrient Potassium Chloride Tablets Potassium Chloride Pellets & Potassium Chloride Bars.
       4. Sodium Chloride for Sodium Chloride Pure and Extra Pure Pharma Grade, IP, BP, USP, EP.
       7. Mono/Di Ammonium Phosphate for Mono Ammonium Phosphate and Di Ammonium Phosphate Anhydrous, Extra Pure,
       8. Mono/Di/Tri Sodium Phosphate  for Mono Sodium Phosphate, Di Sodium Phosphate & Tri Sodium Phosphate Anhydrous, IP, BP, USP, EP.
       9. Mono/Di/Tri Potassium Phosphate for Mono Potassium Phosphate, Di Potassium Phosphate & Tri Potassium Phosphate Anhydrous, Extra Pure or Technical. 
          10. Iron Sulphide or Ferrous Sulphide for Iron Sulphide or Ferrous Sulphide Sticks, Powder, Lumps.
     11. Sodium Bromide for Sodium Bromide Technical white, Pure, Extra Pure, Photographic.
     12. Potassium Bromide for Potassium Bromide Pure, Potassium Bromide Extra Pure.
     13. Zinc Sulphat e or Zinc Sulfate for Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, Monohydrate, Anhydrous, Zinc Sulphate Extra Pure, IP, BP, USP, EP.
     14. PCB Etchant or Ammonical Etchant for PCB Copper Etchant or Ammonical Etchant for Stripping of Copper from Printed Circuit Board, we offer advanced, fast acting etchant, that works at double the speed, itching neatly and etching more of copper per unit of etchant, saving time and money too.
     15. Zinc Ammonium Chloride Flux for Zinc Ammonium Chloride Galvanizing Flux As manufacturers of Zinc Chloride and Ammonium Chloride, we are better equipped to offer Ammonium Zinc Chloride based Proprietary Flux in Powder form for Wet Flux  and Dry Flux Applications .
     16. Sodium Di-Acetate for Sodium Di-Acetate for food industry. Sodium Diacetate
     17. Magnesium Chloride for Magnesium Chloride Hexa Hydrate, Anhydrous and Crystals
     18. Sodium Thiosulphate or Sodium Thiosulfate for Sodium Thiosulphate or Sodium Thiosulfate or Sodium Thio Sulfate Sodium Thio Sulphate
     19. Sodium Formaldehyde Bisulfite or Sodium Hydroxymethane Sulfonate for Sodium Formaldehyde Bisulphite (Bisulfite) or Sodium Hydroxymethane Sulfonate
     20. Sodium Monochloro Acetate or Sodiumchloro Acetate for Sodium Monochloro Acetate or Sodiumchloro Acetate or Sodium Monochloroacetate
     21. Aromatic & Perfumery Chemicals for Acetophenone Group, Anthranilates, Amyl Group:Benzaldehyde Group, Citral Group. Citronellyl Group, DCDP Group, Geraniol Group, Phenyl Ethyl Group, Toluene and Chloro-Toluene Group.
      22. Oil Field Chemicals for Oil Field Chemicals i.e. Muds & Chemicals.
      23. IP BP USP Chemicals For IP BP USP AR Analytical Reagents Food Grade range of chemicals.



Zinc Chloride

Anhydrous Powder
Synonyms: Zinc Chloride, Zinc Dichloride, Zinc Butter & Zinc Chloride
CAS No.: 7646-85-7
Molecular Weight: 136.30
Chemical Formula: ZnCl2

Zinc Chloride MSDS

GRADES OF ZINC CHLORIDE AND SPECIFICATIONS.

PARTICULARS OF ZINC CHLORIDE	ZINC CHLORIDE TECHNICAL	ZINC CHLORIDE BATTERY GRADE	ZINC CHLORIDE A. R. GRADE
Assay  Zinc Chloride	88% Approx Zinc Chloride	94-98% Zinc Chloride	98-99% Zinc Chloride
Appearance Zinc Chloride	Snow-white Zinc Chloride	Snow-white Zinc Chloride	Snow-white Zinc Chloride
Ammonia as NH4Cl	5-10%	2% max.	0.1% max.
Alkalies and Alk.Earth	2%	1.5% max.	0.1% max.
Iron & Lead	0.005%	0.005% max.	0.001% max.
Dry Basis Assay	--------------	98% Zinc Chloride	99.5% min. Zinc Chloride
PACKING	50 Kg. Leak-proof	50 Kg. Leak-proof	50 Kg. Leak-proof

 

Zinc Chloride Pharma grade is used extensively by the Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemicals manufacturing industry for various complex organic reactions.

Zinc Chloride Pharma Grade

PARTICULARS	ZINC CHLORIDE PHARMA GRADE
Assay  Zinc Chloride (Zn as ZnCl2)	95-98 % Zinc Chloride
Appearance Zinc Chloride	Snow-white Zinc Chloride
Ammonia as NH4Cl	1% max.
Alkalis and Alk. Earth	1% max.
Iron & Lead	0.005% max.
Dry Basis Assay Zinc Chloride (Zn as ZnCl2)	99% min. Zinc Chloride (Zn as ZnCl2)
Zinc Oxide	1% max.
L.O.D. @ 250oC FOR Zinc Chloride	1% max.

 

Zinc Chloride is offered as a 40-43% strength water solution, commonly know as Zinc Chloride Lye or Zinc Chloride Solution.  Zinc Chlo. solution is preferred by Battery and Adhesive manufacturers.

Typical Specification of Zinc Chloride Lye

PARTICULARS	ZINC CHLORIDE LYE
Assay  Zinc Chloride (as ZnCl2)	40-42% Zinc Chloride
Appearance	Water White Zinc Chloride Liquid
Iron & Lead	Less than 10 ppm
Specific Gravity of Zinc Chloride Solution	1.40-1.45

 

We also offer Free-flowing Non-caking Zinc Chloride.

 

We offer Zinc Chloride IP, Zinc Chloride BP, Zinc Chloride USP Zinc Chloride ACS Zinc Chloride EP, Zinc Chloride Extra Pure Zinc Chloride ACS OR AR Analytical Reagent made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques  

INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
ZINC CHLORIDE (ZnCl2)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT – __.__

Particulars	Zinc Chloride…I.P. Grade
Description	Zinc Chloride  white or practically white, crystalline powder, odourless, very deliquescent
Assay	95.0 - 100.5 Zinc Chloride
pH of Zinc Chloride Solution	Between 4.6 – 6.0
Aluminum, Calcium, Heavy Metals, Iron and Magnesium	Passes the Test
Ammonium Salts	Passes the Test
Oxychloride	Passes the Test
Sulphate	Passes the Test
Packing of Zinc Chloride	In 50 Kgs. HDPE Drums with double HMHDP liners or as required by the buyer

 

Zinc Chloride
General Information

Zinc chloride is the name of chemical compound with the formula ZnCl₂ and its hydrates. Zinc chloride, of which nine crystalline forms are known, is colorless or white and highly soluble in water. Zinc Chloride ZnCl₂ itself is hygroscopic and even deliquescent. Zinc Chloride samples should therefore be protected from sources of moisture, including the water vapor present in ambient air. Zinc chloride finds wide application in textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, and chemical synthesis.

Structure and basic properties

Four crystalline forms, so-called polymorphs, of Zinc Chloride ZnCl₂ are known, and in each case the Zinc Zn²⁺ ions are tetra-hedrally coordinated to four chloride ligands. Rapid cooling of molten Zinc Chloride ZnCl₂ gives a glass, that is, a rigid amorphous solid. Additionally Zinc Chloride forms hydrates and at least one mixed hydroxide, ZnClOH.

The covalent character is of the Zinc Chloride anhydrous material is indicated by its relatively low melting point of 275 °C. Further evidence for covalency is provided by the high solubility of the dichloride in etherial solvents such as wherein it forms adducts with the formula ZnCl₂L₂ where L = ligand such as O(C₂H5)₂. Consistent with the Lewis acidity of Zinc Zn²⁺, aqueous solutions of Zinc Chloride ZnCl₂ are acidic solutions: a 6 M aqueous solution has a pH of 1.

Four hydrates of zinc chloride are known. ZnCl₂(H₂O)4 crystallizes from aqueous solutions of zinc chloride. Also characterized are ZnCl₂(H2O)n where n = 1, 1.5, 2.5, and 3. When hydrated zinc chloride is heated, one obtains a residue of ZnOHCl.

In aqueous solution, zinc chloride fully dissociates into Zn2+ or zinc ions. Thus, although many zinc salts have different formulas and different crystal structures, these salts behave very similarly in aqueous solution. For example, solutions prepared from any of the polymorphs of Zinc Chloride as well as other halides (bromide, iodide) and the sulfate can often be used interchangeably for the preparation of other zinc compounds. Illustrative is the preparation of zinc carbonate:

ZnCl₂(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) → ZnCO₃(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)

Preparation and purification

Anhydrous Zinc Chloride ZnCl₂ can be prepared from zinc and hydrogen chloride.

Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Hydrated forms and aqueous solutions of Zinc Chloride may be readily prepared by treating pieces of Zn metal with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Zinc oxide and zinc sulfide react with HCl:

ZnS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂S(g)

Unlike many other elements, zinc essentially exists in only one oxidation state, 2+, which simplifies purification.

Commercial samples of zinc chloride typically contain water and products from hydrolysis product. Such Zinc Chloride samples may be purified by extraction into hot dioxane, which is filtered hot and the filtrate is cooled to afford a precipitate of Zinc Chloride. Anhydrous samples of Zinc Chloride can be purified by sublimation in a stream of hydrogen chloride gas, followed by heating to 400 °C in a stream of dry nitrogen gas. Finally, the simplest method relies on treating the zinc chloride with thionyl chloride.

Applications

As a metallurgical flux

Zinc chloride has the ability to attack metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the formula MZnOCl₂. This reaction is relevant to the utility of Zinc Chloride ZnCl₂ as a flux for soldering - it dissolves oxide coatings exposing the clean metal surface. Typically this flux was prepared by dissolving zinc foil in dilute hydrochloric acid until the liquid ceased to evolve hydrogen; for this reason, such flux was once known as killed spirits. Because of the corrosive nature of Zinc Chloride , this flux is not suitable for situations where any residue cannot be cleaned away, such as electronic work. This property also leads to its use in the manufacture of magnesia cements for dental fillings and certain mouthwashes as an active ingredient.

Zinc ammonium chloride is commonly known as flux, and is used for galvanizing steel. It is 60% ammonium chloride and 40% zinc chloride in it. Ammonium Zinc chloride is not to be confused with zinc ammonium carbonate.

Zinc ammonium chloride is not necessarily 60:40 ratio of Ammonium chloride and Zinc Chloride as stated by the writer above. The ratio is varied as per type of usage for the flux. However 60:40 is a more running grade of Ammonium Zinc Chloride. Apart from Ammonium Chloride and Zinc Chloride, it also contains galvanizing additives like glycerin, sodium dichromate, borax etc.

In organic synthesis

In the laboratory, zinc chloride finds wide use, principally as a moderate-strength Lewis acid. Zinc Chlo. can catalyze (A) the Fischer indole synthesis, and also (B) Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions involving activated aromatic rings



Related to the latter is the classical preparation of the dye fluorescein from phthalic anhydride and resorcinol, which involves a Friedel-Crafts acylation. This transformation has in fact been accomplished using even the hydrated Zinc Chloride sample shown in the picture above.



Hydrochloric acid alone reacts poorly with primary alcohols and secondary alcohols, but a combination of HCl with Zinc Chloride  (known together as the "Lucas reagent") is effective for the preparation of alkyl chlorides. Typical reactions are conducted at 130 °C. This reaction probably proceeds via an SN₂ mechanism with primary alcohols but SN₁ pathway with secondary alcohols.



Zinc chloride also activates benzylic and allylic halides towards substitution by weak nucleophiles such as alkenes:



In similar fashion, Zinc Chloride promotes selective NaBH3CN reduction of tertiary, allylic or benzylic halides to the corresponding hydrocarbons.

Zinc chloride is also a useful starting reagent for the synthesis of many organozinc reagents, such as those used in the palladium catalyzed Negishi coupling with aryl halides or vinyl halides. In such cases the organozinc compound is usually prepared by transmetallation from an organolithium or a Grignard reagent, for example:



Zinc enolates, prepared from alkali metal enolates and Zinc Chloride, provide control of stereochemistry in aldol condensation reactions due to chelation on to the zinc. In the example shown below, the threo product was favored over the erythro by a factor of 5:1 when Zinc Chloride in DME/ether was used. The chelate is more stable when the bulky phenyl group is pseudo-equatorial rather than pseudo-axial, i.e., threo rather than erythro.



In textile processing

Concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc chloride (more than 64% weight/weight zinc chloride in water) have the interesting property of dissolving starch, silk, and cellulose. Thus, such solutions cannot be filtered through standard filter papers. Relevant to its affinity for these materials, Zinc Chloride is used as a fireproofing agent and in fabric "refresheners" such as Febreze

Zinc Chloride is used for Friedel Craft Reaction, Azotropic or Azeotropic Distillation, Desiccation & Karl Fischer.

We offer Zinc Chloride Lye, Zinc Chloride Solution, Zinc Chloride Solid, Zinc Chloride Battery Grade, Zinc Chloride Technical, Zinc Chloride EP, Zinc Chloride IP, Zinc Chloride BP, Zinc Chloride USP Zinc Chloride ACS, Zinc Chloride AR or Analytical Reagent.

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AMMONIUM CHLORIDE


Ammonium Chloride Technical white, Ammonium Chloride Pure, Ammonium Chloride Extra Pure, Ammonium Chloride Caking Ammonium Chloride Anti-caking, Ammonium Chloride IP, Ammonium Chloride BP, Ammonium Chloride USP, Ammonium Chloride Bricks, Ammonium Chloride Bars, Ammonium Chloride Latta, Ammonium Chloride Tablets & Ammonium Chloride Pallets offered too.

NH4Cl MSDS

We make Ammonium Chloride Crystal, Ammonium Chloride Bars or Latta & Ammonium Chloride Tablets & Pellets in our Automatic Vacuum Evaporated Plant. Grades of Ammonium Chloride offered are as under:

GRADES OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND SPECIFICATIONS.

CHARACTERISTIC	Technical	Pure	Extra Pure
Dry Basis Assay Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)	98.5% min.	99.% min.	99.5% min.
Moisture in Ammonium Chloride	5% max.	1% max.	0.5% max.
Iron	50	20	5
Sulphate	0.1% max.	0.1% max.	0.015% max.
Residue on Ignition of Ammonium Chloride	0.9% max	0.5% max	0.3% max
pH of 2% Ammonium Chloride Solution	4.0-5.5	4.0-5.5	4.0-5.5
Matter insoluble in water	0.1% max.	0.01% max.	0.005% max.
Heavy Metals as Pb	5 ppm max	5 ppm max	1 ppm max.
Arsenic	5 ppm max	5 ppm max	1 ppm max.

Ammonium Chloride Non-Caking used in manufacture of Dry Cells/Batteries.

Particulars	Ammonium Chloride Pure Grade Non-Caking
Appearance Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)	White Crystalline Powder of Ammonium Chloride
Assay of Ammonium Chloride (NH4Clon Dry Basis)	99% min. Ammonium Chloride
Moisture	1% max.
pH of 5% Ammonium Chloride solution	4 to 6
Iron	25 ppm max.
Matter Insoluble in water for Ammonium Chloride	0.01% max.
Sulphate	0.1% max.
Packing of Ammonium Chloride	In 50 Kg HDPE bag with HMHDPE liner

We offer Ammonium Chloride IP, Ammonium Chloride BP, Ammonium Chloride USP or Ammonium Chloride Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques  

We offer Ammonium Chloride and other excipients from our state of the art FDA approved manufacturing facility at Taloja (New Bombay).  Ammonium Chloride is used as expectorants in cough formulations.

INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (NH₄Cl)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT – 53.49

DESCRIPTION	COLOURLESS CRYSTALS OR WHITE, CRYSTALLINE  POWDER.
SOLUBILITY	FREELY  SOLUBLE  IN  WATER; SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN ETHANOL (95%).
STANDARD	AMMONIUM  CHLORIDE CONTENT NOT LESS THAN 99.0%  AND  NOT MORE  THAN 100.5% OF NH4Cl CALCULATED WITH  REFERENCE TO THE DRIED SUBSTANCE.
IDENTIFICATION	A  10% w/w SOLUTION  OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE GIVES  THE  REACTIONS  OF AMMONIUM SALTS AND OF CHLORIDES.
CLARITY  AND	A 10% w/w SOLUTION OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IS CLEAR & COLOURLESS.
COLOUR OF SOLN.
pH	BETWEEN 4.5 AND 6.0, DETERMINED IN A 5.0 W/V SOLUTION OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE .
ARSENIC	NOT MORE THAN 4 PARTS PER MILLION.
HEAVY METALS	NOT MORE THAN 10 PARTS PER MILLION.
MAGNESIUM &	NOT MORE THAN 1%.
ALKALI SALTS
IRON	NOT MORE THAN 20 PARTS PER MILLION.
SULPHATE	NOT MORE THAN 150 PARTS PER MILLION.
SULPHATED ASH	NOT MORE THAN 0.1%.
CALCIUM	NOT MORE THAN 200 PARTS PER MILLION.
THIOCYANATE	TO PASS THE TEST.
LOSS ON DRYING	NOT MORE THAN 1%, DETERMINED ON 1 GM BY DRYING IN AN OVEN AT 1050C.

 

Ammonium Chloride British Pharmacopoeia (B.P.) Grade

Particulars	BP Specification	Our Typical Product
Dry Basis Assay Ammonium Chloride	99-100.5% Ammonium Chloride	99.9% Ammonium Chloride
Characteristics of Ammonium Chloride	Colourless Crystals or white crystalline powder; odourless	White, crystalline powder; odourless
Solubility of Ammonium Chloride	Soluble in 2.7 parts of water	Soluble in 2.7 parts of water
Identification	Yields the reactions characteristic of ammonium salts and of chlorides	Yields the reactions characteristic of ammonium salts and of chlorides
Acidity or alkalinity of Ammonium Chloride	To conform to specified test	Passes test
Clarity and Colour of Solution	Clear & colourless solution (10% w/v Ammonium Chloride soln.)	Clear & colourless solution (10% w/v Ammonium Chloride soln.)
Calcium	200 ppm	30 ppm
Heavy Metals	10 ppm	Nil
Iron	20 ppm	5 ppm
Bromide and iodide	To conform to specified test	Passes test
Sulphate	150 ppm	20 ppm
Loss on Drying	1%	0.05%
Sulphated Ash	0.1%	0.009%

 

Ammonium Chloride United States Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P.) Grade

Particulars	Our Typical Product	USP Specification
Dry Basis Assay Ammonium Chloride	99.9% Ammonium Chloride	99.5-100.5% Ammonium Chloride
pH of 5% Solution Ammonium Chloride	5.3	4.6-6
Sulphated Ash	0.009%	0.1% (residue on ignition)
Heavy Metals as Pb	Nil	0.001%
Loss on Drying	0.1%	0.5% (4 hours on silica gel)
Thiocyanate	Passes test	To pass the test

 

Ammonium Chloride Bars or Bricks of 500gm each & 100gm Tablet.

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) Bars or Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) Bricks & Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) Tablets also Sal Ammoniac, Salmiac, Salmiak, Nushadir Salt, Navsagar, Zalmiak, Sal Armagnac, Sal Armoniac, Salmiakki, Salamaka, Salmiak and Salt Armoniack

   

 

Ammonium Chloride
General Information

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) (also Sal Ammoniac, Salmiac, Salmiak, Nushadir Salt, Navsagar, Zalmiak, Sal Armagnac, Sal Armoniac, Salmiakki, Salamaka, Salmiak and Salt Armoniack) is, in its pure form, a clear white water-soluble crystalline salt of ammonia. The aqueous ammonium chloride solution is mildly acidic.

Sources

In nature, the substance Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) occurs in volcanic regions, forming on volcanic rocks near fume-releasing vents. The crystals of Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) deposit directly from the gaseous state, and tend to be short-lived, as they dissolve easily in water.

Ammonium chloride is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia (NH3) with hydrogen chloride (HCl):

NH₃ + HCl → NH4Cl  Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

 

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is also available as a bye-product of Soda Ash Plant and some other chemical processes.

The Ammonium chloride is also found in volcanoes and deep underground

Applications

Ammonium chloride is sold in blocks (bars or briquettes) at hardware stores for use in cleaning the tip of a soldering iron. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) can also be included in solder as flux.

Ammonium Chloride is used as it is or in compound fertilizer. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) has higher concentration of  Nitrogen than ammonium sulphate. Nitrification of Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is less rapid than in urea or ammonium sulphate and this means N losses are lower. Although ammonium chloride is better known as rice fertilizer, it has been tested and used on other crops like wheat, barley, sugarcane, maize, fiber crops etc. Of particular note is the use of Ammonium Chloride on palms; increasing the yield of Copra per tree.

Other uses of Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) include a feed supplement for cattle, in hair shampoo, in textile printing, in the glue that bonds plywood, as an ingredient in nutritive media for yeast, in cleaning products, and as cough medicine. Ammonium chloride's expectorant action is caused by irritating action on the bronchial mucosa. This causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid which presumably is easier to cough up. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is also used in an oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis.

Ammonium chloride is used in snow treatment, namely on ski slopes at temperatures above 0 °C, to harden the snow and slow its melting.

In several countries Sal Ammoniac or Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is used to spice up liquorices-type dark candies (Finland's Salmiakki, Sweden's Lakrisal, the Netherlands' Zoute drop and the Danish Dracula Piller are popular examples), and as a flavouring for vodkas.

Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant, diuretic and systemic acidifying agent. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is used in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, to maintain the urine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders or in forced acid diuresis.

Ammonium salts are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and may induce nausea and vomiting.

Zinc ammonium chloride is commonly known as flux, and is used for galvanizing steel. It is 60% ammonium chloride and 40% zinc chloride in it. Ammonium Zinc chloride is not to be confused with zinc ammonium carbonate.

Zinc ammonium chloride is not necessarily 60:40 ratio of Ammonium chloride and Zinc Chloride as stated by the writer above. The ratio is varied as per type of usage for the flux. However 60:40 is a more running grade of Zinc Ammonium Chloride. Apart from Ammonium Chloride and Zinc Chloride, it also contains galvanizing additives like glycerin, sodium dichromate, borax etc.

We offer Ammonium Chloride Crystals, Ammonium Chloride IP, Ammonium Chloride BP, Ammonium Chloride USP, Ammonium Chloride Bars, Bricks or Latta, Ammonium Chloride Pellets or Tablets.

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CALCIUM CHLORIDE


Calcium Chloride MSDS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
CAS No.: 10043-52-4
Molecular Weight: 110.98
Chemical Formula: CaCl2
Calcium Chloride

SOLID, FUSED, ANHYDROUS, LYE-SOLUTION-BRINE------FOOD GRADE------PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE------ I.P. GRADE------PURE OR MERCK GRADE------DIHYDRATE CRYSTALS------D.A. OR DISSOLVED ACETYLENE GAS GRADE------DESSICATION GRADE------SOLVENT DRYING GRADE-------CEMENT PAINT GRADE------PHOTOGRAPHY/PRINTING GRADE------PLASTIC GRADE------REFRIGERATION GRADE------HEAT TREATMENT SALTS GRADE------CEMENT HARDENING OR ACCELERATOR GRADE------ICE MELTING USE------DUST CONTROL USE.

GRADES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND SPECIFICATIONS.

CALCIUM CHLORIDE HARD FUSED/SOLID	CALCIUM CHLORIDE DOUBLE FUSED	CALCIUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) 72-75%	Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) 80-85%	Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) 94-98%
Appearance White Calcium Chloride Lumps (Powder not offered)	Appearance White Calcium Chloride Lumps or Powder	Appearance White Calcium Chloride Lumps or Powder
Magnesium 0.3% max.	Magnesium 0.3% max.	Magnesium 0.3% max.
Iron 100 ppm max.	Iron 100 ppm max.	Iron 100 ppm max.
Dry Basis Assay 98% min.	Dry Basis Assay 98% min.	Dry Basis Assay 98% min.
Calcium Chloride is packed in 50 Kgs. HDPE bag with HMHDP liner or ....	Calcium Chloride is packed in 50 Kgs. HDPE bag with HMHDP liner or ....	Calcium Chloride is packed in 50 Kgs. HDPE bag with HMHDP liner or ....

 

Calcium Chloride ...Food Grade and Indian Pharma Grade.
SPECIFICATIONS

Particulars	Calcium Chloride Anhydrous.	Calcium Chloride Di-hydrate.
Calcium Chloride	93% min. as CaCl2 Calcium Chloride	97 to 103% as CaCl2.2H2O Calcium Chloride Di hydrate
Arsenic	0.0003% max. 3 ppm. max.	0.0003% max. <3 ppm
Lead (Pb)	0.001% max. 10 ppm. max.	0.001% max. <10 ppm.
Heavy Metal as (Pb)	0.0003% max. 3 ppm. max.	0.0003% max. <3 ppm.
Magnesium/Alkali	1% max	1% max.
Clarity of 10% Soln.	Clear & Colourless	Clear & Colourless
Free Acid or Alkali	0.005%max.   &   pH 4.5-9 0.2ml of 0.01M HCl/NaOH to 10ML of 10%	0.005%max.   &   pH 4.5-9 0.2ml of 0.01M HCl/NaOH to 10ML of 10%
Passes Standards of	Food Grade.	I.P. Std.

Calcium Chloride Di-hydrate & Calcium Chloride A. R. (PURE)

CALCIUM CHLORIDE DI-HYDRATE EXTRA PURE; A. R. MERCK SPECIFICATIONS.
Assay Calcium Chloride (CaCl2.2H20)	97%-103%. Calcium Chloride as CaCl2.2H2O
Free Acid or Alkali	0.005% Max. as HCl OR Ca(OH)2.
Sulphate (SO4)	0.01% Max.
Iron	0.001% Max.
Magnesium	0.05% Max.

 

                                                              Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate (EXTRA PURE)
Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate is used in the pharmaceutical industry as well as for passive cooling applications as a latent heat energy storage material.  We expertise in the manufacture of hexahydrate calcium chloride and are totally equipped to offer the best grade for latent heat storage applications with user-specified melting temperature (m.p.).

CALCIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE EXTRA PURE; A. R. MERCK SPECIFICATIONS.
Assay Calcium Chloride (CaCl2.6H20)	99%-101%. as CaCl2.6H2O
Free Acid or Alkali	0.005% Max. as HCl OR Ca(OH)2.
Sulphate (SO4)	0.01% Max.
Iron	0.001% Max.
Magnesium	0.05% Max.


                                                              Calcium Chloride....Gas Grade.
          We have actively assisted Dissolved Acetylene Gas manufacturers and developed the right grade which drastically reduces the Poisoning of Cylinders. This grade of Calcium Chloride can also be used for desiccating other gases.

                                                              Calcium Chloride....Desiccation of Solvents & Gases.
          We have actively assisted several Solvent manufacturers, Dissolved Acetylene Gas manufacturers and developed the right grade which drastically reduces the Poisoning of Cylinders. Calcium Chloride grades suitable for any density of Solvents, for use in Azotropic or Azeotropic Distillation Desiccation Hydrocarbon Drying and Drying of any type of Gases are offered.

                                                              Calcium Chloride....Heat-Treatment Salt Grade.
          Our group was a manufacturer of Heat-treatment Salts, manufacturing under Die-Hard brand name. We are totally equipped to offer the best grade of Calcium Chloride for use in Heat Treatment Salts.

                                                              Calcium Chloride....Cement Paint Grade.
          Our association with Cement Paint manufacturers is since last 35 years. We can suggest the best and/or economical grades of Calcium Chloride for Cement Paint Industry. Use of 2% Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) in Cement or Cement Paint is very beneficial in getting good hardness in very less time of curing.

                                                              Calcium Chloride ...Graphic Grade.
                                               A quickly soluble grade of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is offered for this use.

                                                              Calcium Chloride...Refrigeration or Brine Grade.
            A Brine may be defined as liquid of low freezing point used in transmission of refrigeration without change of state. The brines commonly employed in refrigeration are Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and Sodium Chloride. Sodium Chloride is cheaper but cannot be used below minus 15⁰C. Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) of commercial grade can operate satisfactorily upto minus 40⁰C. Use of Calcium Chloride above 33% should be avoided as it results in crystallization resulting in reduced efficiency. The Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) selected should be adjusted to pH of around 8 and it should be free from free-acid and dirt. Coloured (CaCl2) material should not be used as it results in corrosion and scaling of the tubes. For the same reason by-product Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is not desirable as it contains Organic Chlorides which may break into Hydrogen Chloride.

We offer Calcium Chloride IP, Calcium Chloride BP, Calcium Chloride USP or Calcium Chloride Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques  

INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
CALCIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE (CaCl₂.2H₂O)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT - 147.02

DESCRIPTION	WHITE, CRYSTALLINE  POWDER  OR FRAGMENTS   OR  GRANULES; ODOURLESS; HYGROSCOPIC.
SOLUBILITY	FREELY  SOLUBLE  IN  WATER AND IN ETHANOL (95%).
STANDARD	CALCIUM  CHLORIDE CONTENT NOT LESS THAN 97.0%  AND NOT MORE  THAN THE  EQUIVALENT  OF  103.0 OF CaCl2.2H2O.
IDENTIFICATION	A  10% W/W SOLUTION  GIVES  THE  REACTIONS  OF CALCIUM SALTS AND OF CHLORIDES.
CLARITY  AND	A 10% w/w SOLUTION IS CLEAR & COLOURLESS.
COLOUR OF SOLN.
ACIDITY & ALKALINITY	TO 10 ML OF A FRESHLY PREPARED 10% w/w SOLUTION ADD 2 DROPS OF  PHENOLPHTHALEIN SOLUTION. TITRATE IT WITH 0.01N HYDROCHLORIC ACID OR  0.01N SODIUM HYDROXIDE; NOT MORE THAN 0.2 ML IS REQUIRED.
ARSENIC	NOT MORE THAN 3 PARTS PER MILLION.
IRON	NOT MORE THAN 20 PARTS PER MILLION.
HEAVY METALS	NOT MORE THAN 10 PARTS PER MILLION.
MAGNESIUM &	NOT MORE THAN 1%.
ALKALI SALTS
ALUMINUM AND	TO PASS THE TEST.
PHOSPHATE
BARIUM	TO PASS THE TEST.
SULPHATE	NOT MORE THAN 300 PARTS PER MILLION.

 

Calcium Chloride General

Calcium chloride (CaCl₂), is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. Calcium chloride is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, Calcium chloride must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.

Chemical properties

Calcium Chloride can serve as a source of calcium ions in solution, for instance for precipitation because many calcium compounds are insoluble:

3 CaCl₂(aq) + 2 K₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 KCl(aq)

Molten Calcium chloride can be electrolyzed to give calcium metal:

CaCl₂(l) → Ca(s) + Cl₂(g)

Uses (Industrial)

Millions of tons of calcium chloride are made each year across the globe, and it has a wide variety of industrial applications.

Because Calcium chloride is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture. In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape. Calcium chloride can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water. The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60 °C (140 °F). In this capacity, Calcium chloride is known as a drying agent or desiccant. Calcium chloride is converted to a brine as it absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:

CaCl₂ + 2 H₂O → CaCl₂·2H₂O

Aided by the intense heat evolved during its dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound. Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), Calcium chloride is relatively harmless to plants and soil; however, recent observations in Washington state suggest it may be particularly harsh on roadside evergreen trees. Calcium chloride is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimeters in diameter, called prills.

Used for its hygroscopic property, Calcium chloride can be applied to keep a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down. Calcium chloride is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting, however chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.

Aqueous calcium chloride (in solution with water) lowers the freezing point as low as -52°C (-62°F), making it ideal for filling agricultural implement tires as a liquid ballast, aiding traction in cold climates.

Other industrial applications of Calcium chloride include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in fabric softener.

We can offer Calcium Chloride for Dissolved Acetylene (DA) gas cylinder filling which minimizes poisoning of cylinders, Calcium Chloride for Desiccation, Calcium Chloride for Solvent Drying, Calcium Chloride for Cement Paint, Calcium Chloride for Photography/Printing, Calcium Chloride for Plastics, Calcium Chloride for Refrigeration, Calcium Chloride for Heat Treatment Salt manufacture, Calcium Chloride for Cement Hardening or Accelerator, Calcium Chloride for De-icing or Ice Melting, and Calcium Chloride for Dust Control applications.

Uses (food)

As an ingredient, Calcium chloride is listed as a permitted food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509. The anhydrous form of Calcium chloride has been approved by the FDA as a packaging aid to ensure dryness (CPG 7117.02).

Calcium chloride is commonly used as an Electrolyte and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Smartwater and Nestle bottled water. Calcium chloride can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content. Calcium chloride is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury Caramilk chocolate bars (purpose unknown).

Calcium chloride can be used to make a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices or added to processed milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein for the purposes of making cheese such as brie and stilton. Calcium chloride's exothermic properties are exploited in many 'self heating' food products where it is activated (mixed) with water to start the heating process, providing a non-explosive, dry fuel that is easily activated.

In brewing beers (esp. ales and bitters), calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water (calcium is important for enzyme function during the mash, for kettle protein coagulation (the "hot break") and yeast metabolism) and adds permanent hardness to the water. The chloride ions enhance flavour and give a perception of sweetness and fuller flavour, whereas the sulfate ions in Gypsum, which is also used to add calcium ions to brewing water, tend to impart a drier, crisper flavour with more bitterness.

Calcium Chloride is also used in making cheese. Calcium chloride improves curd size and texture when using store bought milk. One teaspoon of 30% solution of Calcium chloride will treat 2 gallons of milk.  To compensate for the processing of store bought milk, add calcium chloride prior to adding rennet to the cheese mixture.  The addition of calcium chloride will help restore the altered milk protein and aid in the development of a quality curd.

Uses (biological/medical)

Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of hypocalcaemia (low serum calcium). Calcium chloride can be used for: insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow Spider bites); sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by urticaria (hives); magnesium intoxication; as an aid in management of the acute symptoms in lead colic; in cardiac resuscitation, particularly after open heart surgery. Parenteral calcium can be used when epinephrine has failed to improve weak or ineffective myocardial contractions. Calcium chloride injection may antagonize cardiac toxicity as measured by electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG).

Calcium chloride can help rapidly lower dangerously-high levels of serum potassium in hyperkalemia. Calcium chloride can be used to quickly treat Calcium Channel Blocker toxicity, from the side effects of drugs such as Diltiazem (Cardizem) - helping avoid potential heart attacks.

The aqueous form of calcium chloride is used in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability, inducing competence for DNA uptake (allowing DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily).

Calcium chloride can also be used in the reef aquarium hobby for adding bio-available calcium in solution for calcium-using animals such as algae, snails, hard tube worms, and Corals although the use of calcium hydroxide (kalkwasser mix) or a calcium reactor is the preferred method of adding calcium. However, calcium chloride is the quickest method to increase calcium levels as it dissolves readily in water.

We offer Calcium Chloride Solution, Calcium Chloride Lye, Calcium Chloride Brine, Calcium Chloride Solid, Calcium Chloride Fused, Calcium Chloride Porous, Calcium Chloride Powder, Calcium Chloride Anhydrous, Calcium Chloride Spray Dried, Calcium Chloride IP, Calcium Chloride BP, Calcium Chloride USP, Calcium Chloride EP Calcium Chloride Pellets Calcium Chloride Tablets etc.

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Sodium Acetate


Sodium Acetate Crystals, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, Sodium Acetate Anhydrous, Sodium Acetate Pure, Sodium Acetate Extra Pure, Sodium Acetate IP, Sodium Acetate BP, Sodium Acetate USP, Sodium Acetate EP, Sodium Acetate ACS, Sodium Acetate AR Analytical Reagent, Sodium Acetate Food Grade.. 

Sod Acet. MSDS

GRADES OF SODIUM ACETATE TRI-HYDRATE & SODIUM ACETATE CRYSTALS SPECIFICATIONS.

SPECIFICATIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE	SODIUM ACETATE Trihydrate Pure	SODIUM ACETATE Trihydrate Technical
Assay of Sodium Acetate	99% minimum Sodium Acetate	98% minimum Sodium Acetate
Appearance of Sodium Acetate	White Transparent Crystalline Sodium Acetate	Off-White Crystalline Sodium Acetate
Test Solution of  Sodium Acetate	A 10% Sodium Acetate Solution is clear & colourless	A 10% Sodium Acetate Solution is clear & colourless
pH of Sodium Acetate Solution.	7.5-9	7.5-9
Arsenic	Less than 1 ppm	Less than 1 ppm
Calcium & Magnesium	Less than 50 ppm	Less than 100 ppm
Heavy Metals	Less than 1 ppm	Less than 5 ppm
Iron	Less than 10 ppm	Less than 10 ppm
Chlorides	Less than 0.03%	Less than 1%
Sulphates	Less than 0.02%	Less than 0.5%
Packing of Sodium Acetate	50kg HDPE bags with HMHDP liner or As required	50kg HDPE bags with HMHDP liner or As required

 

GRADES OF SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS & SODIUM ACETATE POWDER SPECIFICATIONS.

Specifications of Sodium Acetate	SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS PURE	SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS TECHNICAL
Purity of Sodium Acetate	99 % minimum CH3COONa Sodium Acetate	98.5% minimum CH3COONa Sodium Acetate
Appearance of Sodium Acetate	Snow-White Powder Sodium Acetate	White to Off-White Powder Sodium Acetate
Clarity of 10% Sodium Acetate Solution	A 10% Sodium Acetate Solution w/v is clear and colourless	A 10% Sodium Acetate Solution w/v is clear
pH (10% Sodium Acetate in water)	pH between 7.5-9	pH between 7.5-9
Arsenic	Arsenic < 1ppm.	Arsenic < 1ppm.
Calcium and Magnesium	Calcium and magnesium to pass the test 50 ppm	Calcium and magnesium to pass the test 100 ppm
Heavy Metals	Heavy Metals < 1ppm	Heavy Metals < 1ppm
Iron	Iron < 5ppm	Iron < 5ppm
Chloride	Chloride < 250ppm	Chloride < 1000ppm
Sulphate < 225ppm	Sulphate < 200ppm	Sulphate < 500ppm
Packing of Sodium Acetate	50kg HDPE bags with HMHDP liner or As required	50kg HDPE bags with HMHDP liner or As required

 

We offer Sodium Acetate IP, Sodium Acetate BP, Sodium Acetate USP, Sodium Acetate EP, Sodium Acetate ACS or Sodium Acetate Extra Pure, Sodium Acetate AR Analytical Reagent, Sodium Acetate Food Grade made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques  

Sodium Acetate Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) Grade

Particulars	Sodium Acetate IP
Dry Basis Assay Sodium Acetate	99 to 101% Sodium Acetate
Characteristics Sodium Acetate	Colourless Crystals Sodium Acetate
Solubility of Sodium Acetate	Sodium Acetate is soluble in 0.8 part of water and in 19 parts of Ethanol (96%)
Clarity of  10% Sodium Acetate  w/v solution	Clear and Colourless 10% Sodium Acetate  w/v solution
Alkalinity (pH of Sodium Acetate 5% solution)	7.5-9.0
Arsenic	2 ppm
Calcium and Magnesium (calculated as Ca)	50 ppm
Heavy Metals as Lead	10 ppm
Iron	10 ppm
Chloride	200 ppm
Sulphate	200 ppm
Reducing Substances	Passes test
Packing Sodium Acetate	Sodium Acetate in 50 Kg HDPE bag with HMHDPE liner or as required.

Sodium Acetate United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) Grade

Particulars	Sodium Acetate USP
Dry Basis Assay Sodium Acetate	99 to 101% Sodium Acetate
Characteristics of Sodium Acetate	Colourless Crystals Sodium Acetate
Solubility of Sodium Acetate	Sodium Acetate soluble in 0.8 part of water and in 19 parts of Ethanol (96%)
Clarity of  Sodium Acetate 10% w/v solution	Clear and Colourless
Alkalinity (pH of 5% solution of Sodium Acetate)	7.5-9.0
Arsenic	2 ppm
Calcium and Magnesium (calculated as Ca)	50 ppm
Heavy Metals as Lead	10 ppm
Iron	10 ppm
Chloride	200 ppm
Sulphate	200 ppm
Reducing Substances	Passes test
Packing of Sodium Acetate	Sodium Acetate in 50 Kg HDPE bags with HMHDPE liner or as required.

Sodium Acetate:

Sodium acetate, (also sodium ethanoate) is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Sodium Acetate is an inexpensive chemical produced in industrial quantities for a wide range of uses.

Applications

Sodium acetate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams. Sodium acetate is also used as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. Sodium Acetate is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning. Sodium acetate helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.

Sodium acetate is the chemical that gives salt and vinegar chips (crisps) their flavor. Sodium Acetate may also be added to foods as a preservative; in this application it is usually written as "sodium diacetate" and labeled E262.

As the conjugate base of a weak acid, a solution of sodium acetate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. Sodium acetate is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent.

Sodium acetate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in "hot ice". When sodium acetate trihydrate crystals (melting point 58 °C) are heated to around 100 °C, they melt. When this melt cools, it gives a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate in water. This Sodium acetate solution is capable of supercooling to room temperature, well below its melting point, without forming crystals. By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed which causes the solution of Sodium acetate to crystallize into solid sodium acetate trihydrate again. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic, hence heat is emitted. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg.

Preparation

Sodium Acetate is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. These reactions produce sodium acetate (aq), water, and carbon dioxide, which leaves the reaction vessel as a gas, is produced by the first two.

CH3–COOH + Na+[HCO3]– → CH3–COO– Na+ + H2O + CO2

This is the well-known "fizzing" reaction between baking soda and vinegar. 84 grams of sodium bicarbonate react with 750 g of 8% vinegar to make 82 g sodium acetate in water. By subsequently boiling off most of the water, one can refine either a concentrated solution of sodium acetate or actual crystals.

We offer Sodium Acetate Crystals, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Sodium Acetate Anhydrous Sodium Acetate PCM, Sodium Acetate IP, Sodium Acetate BP, Sodium Acetate USP, Sodium Acetate EP, Sodium Acetate ACS, Sodium Acetate AR Analytical Reagent, Sodium Acetate Food Grade, Sodium Acetate Tablets, Sodium Acetate Granules and Sodium Di Acetate. We can also offer Potassium Acetate, Calcium Acetate, Ammonium Acetate apart from Sodium Acetate.

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Potassium Chloride

 

KCl MSDS

 

Potassium Chloride Technical Grade

Specification	Potassium Chloride Technical
Potassium Chloride KCl Dry Basis Assay (DBA)	98% min Potassium Chloride KCl
Iron	100 ppm
Sodium Chloride	0.5% max
Matter insoluble in water in Potassium Chloride	0.1% max
Moisture % by Wt. Max.	5%

 

Potassium Chloride Pure used as a Potassium source, in electroplating, etc.

Specification	As per IS:4150-1984 Grade 1	Our Guaranteed
Potassium Chloride percent by wt.	98% Potassium Chloride (KCl)	99%  Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Iron	20 ppm	10 ppm
Sodium Chloride	1.5%	1%
Matter insoluble in water in Potassium Chloride	0.5%	0.05%
Sulphate	0.6%	0.05%
Heavy metals as Lead	Not specified	5 ppm
Hydroxides	Not specified	.01%
Calcium	0.2%	0.02%
Magnesium	0.07%	0.05%
Moisture % by Wt. Max.in Potassium Chloride	2.0%	1%


INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (KCl)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT – __.__
 

Particulars	Potassium Chloride…I.P. Grade
Dry Basis Assay Potassium Chloride (KCl)	99.0% Potassium Chloride
Description Potassium Chloride (KCl)	Potassium Chloride White, crystalline powder, odourless.
Solubility Potassium Chloride (KCl)	Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol (95%).
Matter Insoluble in Water in Potassium Chloride	Clear & colourless solution (10% Potassium Chloride (KCl) w/w).
Acidity or Alkalinity	Passes the Test
Barium	Passes the Test
Arsenic	1 ppm max.
Iron	20 ppm max.
Calcium & Magnesium	Passes the Test
Sulphate	300 ppm max.
Heavy Metals	10 ppm max.
Bromide	0.1%
Iodide	Passes the Test
Loss on Drying	1.0% max.
Packing of Potassium Chloride	In 50 Kgs. HDPE bags with double HMHDP liners or as required.

We offer Potassium Chloride IP, Potassium Chloride BP, Potassium Chloride USP or Potassium Chloride Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008 Certified Company using standard GMP techniques  

 

Potassium Chloride General Information

The chemical compound potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. In its pure state Potassium chloride  KCl is odorless. Potassium chloride has a white or colorless vitreous crystal. The crystal structure of  Potassium chloride cleaves easily in three directions. Potassium chloride crystals are face-centered cubic. Potassium chloride is also commonly known as "Muriate of Potash or Potassium Chloride Salt". Potash or Potassium chloride varies in color from pink or red to white depending on the mining and recovery process used. White potash or Potassium chloride, sometimes referred to as soluble potash, is usually higher in analysis and is used primarily for making liquid starter fertilizers. Potassium chloride is used in medicine & scientific applications. Potassium chloride is also used infood processing. In judicial execution Potassium chloride is used through lethal injection. Potassium Chloride occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite and in combination with sodium chloride as sylvinite.

Chemical properties

Potassium chloride can react as a source of chloride ion. As with any other soluble ionic chloride, Potassium Chloride will precipitate insoluble chloride salts when added to a solution of an appropriate metal ion:

KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq)

Although potassium is more electropositive than sodium, Potassium chloride can be reduced to the metal by reaction with metallic sodium at 850 °C because the potassium is removed by distillation (see Le Chatelier's principle):

KCl(l) + Na(l) → NaCl(l) + K(g)

This method is the main method for producing metallic potassium. Electrolysis (used for sodium) fails because of the high solubility of potassium in molten Potassium chloride.

As with other compounds containing potassium, Potassium Chloride KCl in powdered form gives a lilac flame test result.

Manufacture/Extraction

Potassium chloride occurs naturally as sylvite, and it can be extracted from sylvinite. Potassium chloride is also extracted from salt water and can be manufactured by crystallization from solution, flotation or electrostatic separation from suitable minerals. Potassium chloride is a by-product of the making of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and hydrochloric acid.

Uses

The majority of the potassium chloride produced is used for making fertilizer, since the growth of many plants is limited by their potassium intake. The Chloride part of Potassium chloride is not a desirable thing in fertilizer. As a chemical feedstock Potassium chloride is used for the manufacture of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal. Potassium chloride is also used as Muds & Chemicals in Oil Well Drilling. Potassium chloride is also used in medicine & scientific applications. Potassium chloride is used in food processing, as a sodium-free substitute for table salt (sodium chloride). In judicial execution Potassium chloride through lethal injection. Potassium Chloride is sometimes used in water as a completion fluid in oil and gas operations. Potassium Chloride is also used as an alternative to sodium chloride in household water softener units. Potassium Chloride is useful as a beta radiation source for calibration of radiation monitoring equipment because natural potassium contains 0.0118% of the isotope 40K. One kilogram of Potassium chloride KCl yields 16350 becquerels of radiation consisting of 89.28% beta and 10.72% gamma with 1.46083 MeV. Potassium chloride makes up 70% of Ace Hardware's allegedly pet and vegetarian friendly "Ice Melt" though inferior in melting quality to calcium chloride (0°F v. -25°F). Potassium Chloride KCl is also used in Dasani water.

We offer Potassium Chloride Technical, Potassium Chloride Pure Potassium Chloride IP, Potassium Chloride BP Potassium Chloride USP Potassium chloride Extra Pure Potassium Chloride Nutrient, Potassium Chloride Tablets, Potassium Chloride Pellets & Potassium Chloride Bars.. Among other Potassium salts we can offer Mono Potassium Phosphate, Di Potassium Phosphate, Tri Potassium Phosphate, Potassium Sulphate or Potassium Acetate or Potassium Nitrate. We offer industrial grade Potassium Chloride and not Potassium Muriate or Potassium MOP-fertilizer. Potassium salts are rare items and most potassium salts are made from potassium chloride or potassium hydroxide.