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Links: Zinc
Chloride
Ammonium Chloride
Calcium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Sodium
Acetate
Sodium Thiosulphate
or Sodium Thiosulfate
Sodium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride
Mono
& Di Ammonium Phosphate
Mono Di
& Tri Sodium Phosphate
Mono Di
& Tri
Potassium Phosphate
Iron Sulphide or
Ferrous Sulfide
Sodium
Bromide
Potassium Bromide
Zinc
Sulfate or Zinc Sulphate
PCB
Etchant or Ammonical Etchant
Zinc Ammonium Chloride
Galvanizing Flux
Sodium
Di-Acetate
Sodium Formaldehyde Bisulfite or Sodium Hydroxymethane Sulfonate
Sodium Monochloro Acetate or Sodium Chloroacetate
Aromatic & Perfumery
Oil Field Chemicals
IP BP USP of
Chemicals
Zinc Chloride
Solution, Lye, Powder,
Solid
Synonyms: Zinc Chloride, Zinc Dichloride, Zinc Butter
CAS No.: 7646-85-7
Molecular Weight: 136.30
Chemical Formula: ZnCl2
ZnCl2 MSDS
Zinc Chloride Pharma
grade is used extensively by the Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemicals
manufacturing industry for various complex organic reactions.
GRADES OF ZINC
CHLORIDE AND SPECIFICATIONS.
| PARTICULARS |
ZINC
CHLORIDE
TECHNICAL |
ZINC
CHLORIDE
BATTERY GRADE |
ZINC
CHLORIDE
A. R. GRADE |
| Assay Zinc Chloride |
88% Approx. Zinc Chloride |
94-98% Zinc Chloride |
98-99% Zinc Chloride |
| Appearance |
Snow-white |
Snow-white |
Snow-white |
| Ammonia as NH4Cl |
5-10% |
2% max. |
0.1% max. |
| Alkalies and Alk.Earth |
2% |
1.5% max. |
0.1% max. |
| Iron & Lead |
0.005% |
0.005% max. |
0.001% max. |
| Dry Basis Assay |
-------------- |
98% |
99.5% min. |
| PACKING |
50 Kg. Leak-proof |
50 Kg. Leak-proof |
50 Kg. Leak-proof |
Zinc Chloride Pharma grade is used extensively by the Pharmaceutical
and Fine Chemicals manufacturing industry for various complex organic
reactions.
Zinc Chloride Pharma Grade
|
PARTICULARS |
PHARMA GRADE |
|
Assay (Zn as ZnCl2)
|
95-98 % Zinc Chloride |
|
Appearance |
Snow-white |
|
Ammonia as NH4Cl
|
1% max. |
|
Alkalis and Alk.
Earth |
1% max. |
|
Iron & Lead
|
0.005% max. |
Dry Basis Assay |
99% min. |
|
Zinc Oxide |
1% max. |
|
L.O.D. @ 250oC |
1% max. |
Zinc Chloride is offered as a 40-43%
strength water solution, commonly know as Lye or Solution. This product is preferred by
Battery
and Adhesive manufacturers.
Typical Specification of Zinc Chloride Lye
|
PARTICULARS |
ZINC CHLORIDE LYE
|
|
Assay
(as ZnCl2) |
40-42% |
|
Appearance |
Water
White Liquid |
|
Iron &
Lead |
Less than 10 ppm |
|
Specific Gravity |
1.40-1.45 |
We offer Zinc Chloride IP,
Zinc Chloride BP, Zinc Chloride USP & Zinc Chloride Extra Pure made at our FDA approved world class plant Anmol Chemicals Taloja an ISO-9001-2008
Certified Company
using
standard GMP techniques
INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA
ZINC CHLORIDE
(ZnCl2) MOLECULAR WEIGHT – __.__
|
Particulars |
I.P. Grade |
|
Description |
White
or practically white, crystalline powder, odourless,
very deliquescent |
|
Assay |
95.0
- 100.5 |
|
pH |
Between
4.6 – 6.0 |
|
Aluminum,
Calcium, Heavy Metals, Iron and Magnesium |
Passes
the Test |
|
Ammonium
Salts |
Passes
the Test |
|
Oxychloride |
Passes
the Test |
|
Sulphate |
Passes
the Test |
|
Packing |
In
50 Kgs. HDPE Drums with double HMHDP liners
|
Zinc Chloride Information
Zinc
chloride is the name of chemical compound with the formula
ZnCl2 and its hydrates. Zinc chloride, of which
nine crystalline forms are known, is colorless or white and highly soluble in
water. ZnCl2 itself is hygroscopic and even deliquescent. Samples should therefore be protected from
sources of moisture, including the water vapor present in ambient air. It finds wide application in
textile processing, metallurgical fluxes, and chemical synthesis. No mineral
with this chemical composition as ZnCl2 is known although a
very rare mineral, simonkolleite, Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O
is known.
Structure and basic properties
Four
crystalline forms, so-called polymorphs, of Zinc Chloride are known, and in each case the Zn2+
ions are tetra-hedrally coordinated to four chloride
ligands. Rapid cooling of molten ZnCl2 gives a
glass, that is, a rigid amorphous solid. Additionally ZnCl2 forms hydrates and at least one mixed hydroxide,
ZnClOH.
The
covalent character is of the anhydrous material is
indicated by its relatively low melting point of 275 °C. Further evidence for
covalency is provided by the high solubility of the
dichloride in etherial solvents such as wherein it forms adducts with the formula ZnCl2L2 where L = ligand such as O(C2H5)2. Consistent with the Lewis acidity of Zn2+, aqueous solutions of
ZnCl2 are acidic solutions: a 6 M aqueous solution has a pH of 1.
Four
hydrates of Zinc Chloride are known. ZnCl2(H2O)4 crystallizes from its aqueous solutions. Also characterized are
ZnCl2(H2O)n where n = 1, 1.5, 2.5, and 3. When
hydrated zinc chloride is heated, one obtains a residue of ZnOHCl.
In
aqueous solution, ZnCl2 fully dissociates into Zn2+. Thus, although
many zinc salts have different formulas and different crystal structures, these salts behave very similarly in
aqueous solution. For example, solutions prepared from any of the polymorphs of
Zinc Chloride as well as other halides (bromide, iodide) and the sulfate can often be
used interchangeably for the preparation of other zinc compounds. Illustrative
is the preparation of zinc carbonate:
ZnCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) →
ZnCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
Preparation
and purification
Anhydrous
Zinc Chloride can be prepared from zinc and hydrogen chloride.
Zn + 2
HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Hydrated
forms and aqueous solutions may be readily prepared by treating pieces of Zn
metal with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Zinc oxide and zinc sulfide react with HCl:
ZnSs) + 2 HCl(aq) →
ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
Unlike
many other elements, zinc essentially exists in only one oxidation state, 2+,
which simplifies purification.
Commercial
samples of zinc chloride typically contain water and products from hydrolysis product. Such samples may be purified by
extraction into hot dioxane, which is filtered hot and the filtrate is cooled
to afford a precipitate of ZnCl2. Anhydrous samples can be purified by
sublimation in a stream of hydrogen chloride gas, followed by heating to 400 °C in a
stream of dry nitrogen gas.
Finally, the simplest method relies on treating the zinc chloride with
thionyl chloride.
Applications
As a
metallurgical flux
It has the ability to attack metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the
formula MZnOCl2. This reaction is relevant to the utility of
Zinc Chloride as a flux for soldering - it dissolves oxide coatings exposing
the clean metal surface. Typically this flux was prepared by dissolving zinc
foil in dilute hydrochloric acid until the liquid ceased to evolve hydrogen; for this reason, such flux was
once known as killed spirits.
Because of its corrosive nature, this flux is not suitable for situations where
any residue cannot be cleaned away, such as electronic work. This property also
leads to its use in the manufacture of magnesia cements for dental fillings and certain mouthwashes as an active ingredient.
In organic
synthesis
In the
laboratory, it finds wide use, principally as a moderate-strength
Lewis
acid. It can catalyze (A) the Fischer indole synthesis, and also (B) Friedel-Crafts
acylation
reactions involving activated aromatic rings
Related
to the latter is the classical preparation of the dye
fluorescein from
phthalic anhydride and resorcinol, which involves a Friedel-Crafts
acylation.
This transformation has in fact been accomplished using even the hydrated
ZnCl2 sample shown in the picture above.
Hydrochloric acid alone reacts poorly with primary alcohols and secondary alcohols, but a combination of the Acid
with Zinc Chloride (known together as the "Lucas reagent") is effective for the preparation
of alkyl chlorides. Typical reactions are conducted at 130 °C. This reaction
probably proceeds via an SN2 mechanism with primary alcohols but SN1 pathway with secondary alcohols.
It also activates
benzylic and allylic halides towards substitution by weak
nucleophiles
such as alkenes:
In
similar fashion, ZnCl2 promotes selective NaBH3CN reduction of tertiary, allylic
or benzylic halides to the corresponding
hydrocarbons.
Zinc
chloride is also a useful starting reagent for the synthesis of many
organozinc
reagents, such as those used in the palladium catalyzed
Negishi coupling with aryl halides or
vinyl
halides. In such cases the
organozinc compound is usually prepared by
transmetallation from an organolithium or a Grignard
reagent, for example:
Zinc
enolates,
prepared from alkali metal enolates and
ZnCl2, provide control of stereochemistry in aldol
condensation reactions due to
chelation on to
the zinc. In the example shown below, the threo
product was favored over the erythro by a factor of
5:1 when ZnCl2 in DME/ether was used. The
chelate is more stable when the bulky phenyl group is
pseudo-equatorial rather than
pseudo-axial, i.e.,
threo rather than erythro.
In textile
processing
Concentrated
aqueous solutions of zinc chloride (more than 64% weight/weight zinc chloride
in water) have the interesting property of dissolving starch, silk, and cellulose. Thus, such solutions cannot be filtered through
standard filter papers. Relevant to its affinity for these materials, ZnCl2
is used as a fireproofing agent and in fabric "refresheners"
such as Febreze.
Zinc Chloride
is used for
Friedel Craft Reaction,
Azotropic or Azeotropic
Distillation, Desiccation & Karl Fischer.
Zinc - Clinical
Pharmacology
Zinc is an
essential nutritional
requirement and serves as a
cofactor for more than 70
different enzymes including
carbonic anhydrase, alkaline
phosphatase, lactic
dehydrogenase, and both RNA and
DNA polymerase. Zinc facilitates
wound healing, helps maintain
normal growth rates, normal skin
hydration, and the senses of
taste and smell.
Zinc resides
in muscle, bone, skin, kidney,
liver, pancreas, retina,
prostate and particularly in the
red and white blood cells. Zinc
binds to plasma albumin,α2-macroglobulin,
and some plasma amino acids
including histidine, cysteine,
threonine, glycine, and
asparagine. Ingested Zinc is
excreted mainly in the stool
(approximately 90%), and to a
lesser extent in the urine and
in perspiration.
Providing
Zinc helps prevent development
of deficiency symptoms such as:
Parakeratosis, hypogeusia,
anorexia, dysosmia, geophagia,
hypogonadism, growth retardation
and hepatosplenomegaly.
The initial
manifestations of hypoZincemia
in TPN are diarrhea, apathy and
depression. At plasma levels
below 20 mcg Zinc/100 mL
dermatitis followed by alopecia
has been reported for TPN
patients. Normal Zinc plasma
levels are 100 ± 12 mcg/100 mL.
Zinc 1 mg/mL
(Zinc Chloride Injection, USP)
is a sterile, nonpyrogenic
solution intended for use as an
additive to intravenous
solutions for total parenteral
nutrition (TPN). Each mL of
solution contains 2.09 mg Zinc
chloride and 9 mg sodium
chloride. The solution contains
no bacteriostat, antimicrobial
agent or added buffer. The pH is
2.0 (1.5 to 2.5); product may
contain hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide for pH
adjustment. The osmolarity is
0.354 m0smoL/mL (calc.).
Zinc
Chloride USP is chemically
designated ZnCl2,
a white crystalline compound
freely soluble in water.
Reactions
Molten anhydrous ZnCl2 at 500 - 700 °C
dissolves zinc metal and on rapid cooling of the melt a yellow diamagnetic
glass is formed which Raman studies indicate contain the Zn22+
ion.
A number of salts containing the tetrachlorozincate
anion, ZnCl42−, are known. "Caulton's reagent," V2Cl3(thf)6Zn2Cl6
is an example of a salt containing Zn2Cl62−.
The compound Cs3ZnCl5 contains tetrahedral ZnCl42−
and Cl− anions. No compounds containing the ZnCl64−
ion have been characterized.
Whilst zinc chloride is very soluble in water, solutions
cannot be considered to contain simply solvated Zn2+ ions and Cl−
ions, ZnClxH2O(4−x) species are also
present.
Aqueous solutions of ZnCl2 are acidic: a 6 aqueous solution has a
pH of 1. The acidity of aqueous ZnCl2 solutions relative to
solutions of other Zn2+ salts is due to the formation of the
tetrahedral chloro aqua complexes where the reduction in coordination number
from 6 to 4 further reduces the strength of the O-H bonds in the solvated
water molecules.
In alkali solution in the presence of OH− ion
various zinc hydroxychloride anions are present in solution, e.g.ZnOH3Cl2−,
ZnOH2Cl22−, ZnOHCl32−,
and Zn5OH2Cl3.H2O
(simonkolleite) precipitates.
When ammonia is bubbled through a solution of zinc
chloride the hydroxide does not precipitate, instead compounds containing
complexed ammonia (ammines) are produced, Zn(NH3)4Cl2.H2O
and on concentration ZnCl2(NH3)2. The
former contains the Zn(NH3)62+ ion and the
latter is molecular with a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The species in
aqueous solution have been investigated and show that Zn(NH3)42+
is the main species present with Zn(NH3)3Cl+
also present at lower NH3:Zn ratio.
Aqueous Zinc Chloride
reacts with zinc oxide to form an
amorphous cement which was first investigated in the 1855 by Sorel who later
he went on to investigate the related magnesium oxychloride cement which
bears his name.
When hydrated zinc chloride is heated, one obtains a
residue of Zn(OH)Cl e.g.
ZnCl2.2H2O
→ ZnCl(OH) +2HCl +H2O
The compound ZnCl2.½HCl.H2O may be
prepared by careful precipitation from a solution of ZnCl2
acidified with HCl and it contains a polymeric anion (Zn2Cl5
−)n with balancing monohydrated hydronium ions,
H5O2+ ions.
The formation of highly reactive anhydrous HCl gas formed
when zinc chloride hydrates are heated is the basis of qualitative inorganic
spot tests.
The use of zinc chloride as a flux, sometimes in a
mixture with ammonium chloride, involves the production of HCl and its
subsequent reaction with surface oxides. It forms two salts with
ammonium chloride, (NH4)ZnCl4 and (NH4)3ClZnCl4,
which decompose on heating liberating HCl just as zinc chloride hydrate
does.
Cellulose dissolves in aqueous solutions of ZnCl2
and zinc-cellulose complexes have been detected. Cellulose also dissolves in
molten ZnCl2 hydrate and carboxylation and acetylation performed
on the cellulose polymer.
Thus, although many zinc salts have different formulas and different crystal
structures, these salts behave very similarly in aqueous solution. For
example, solutions prepared from any of the polymorphs of ZnCl2
as well as other halides (bromide, iodide) and the sulfate can often be used
interchangeably for the preparation of other zinc compounds. Illustrative is
the preparation of zinc carbonate:
ZnCl2(aq)
+ Na2CO3(aq) → ZnCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
USES
Dry Cell or Batteries:
Zinc Chloride is commonly used in dry cell batteries as an electrolyte where
it also acts as a moisture absorbent and corrosion inhibitor.
ZnCl2
is an excellent water soluble Zinc
source for uses compatible with chlorides. Chloride compounds can conduct
electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be
decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed
through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-)
is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. the item is
generally immediately available in most volumes and high purity.
A zinc chloride battery is a heavy duty variation of a zinc carbon
battery. It is used in applications that require moderate to heavy current
drains. Zinc chloride batteries have better voltage discharge per time
characteristics and better low temperature performance than carbon zinc
batteries. They batteries are used in radios, flashlights,
lanterns, fluorescent lanterns, motor driven devices, portable audio
equipments, communications equipments, electronic games, calculators, and
remote control transmitters.
Electroplating :
Today, there are three primary types of acid zinc plating baths:
straight ammonium chloride, straight potassium chloride and mixed ammonium
chloride/potassium chloride. Acid zinc plating systems have several
advantages over alkaline cyanide and alkaline non-cyanide zinc plating
systems except that in acid zinc plating, the electrolyte is extremely
corrosive.
Ammonium chloride zinc plating. The ammonium chloride bath is the
most forgiving of the three major types of acid zinc plating because of its
wide operating parameters. The primary drawback of this system is the high
level of ammonia, which can cause problems in wastewater treatment. Ammonia
acts as a chelator, and if the rinse waters are not segregated from other
waste streams, removal of metals to acceptable levels using standard water
treatment practices can be difficult and expensive. Ammonia is also
regulated in many communities.
Potassium chloride zinc plating. Potassium chloride zinc plating
solutions are attractive because they contain no ammonia. The disadvantages
of this system are a greater tendency to burn on extreme edges and higher
operating costs. The potassium bath also requires the use of relatively
expensive boric acid to buffer the solution and prevent burning in the
high-current-density areas, functions performed by the ammonium chloride in
the other systems.
Mixed ammonium chloride/potassium chloride zinc plating. This bath
combines the best of the ammonia and ammonia-free baths. Because potassium
chloride is less expensive than ammonium chloride, the maintenance costs of
the mixed bath are lower than the ammonia bath, and it does not require
boric acid. The ammonia levels in the rinse waters are low enough that it
does not significantly interfere with wastewater treatment, even if plating
nickel and copper in the same plant with mixed waste streams. If local
regulations restrict the level of ammonia discharged, special waste
treatment equipment will be required, and the non-ammonia bath is most
likely the best choice.
Galvanizing, Soldering and Tinning Fluxes: Zinc Chloride is
used in fluxes for galvanizing, soldering and tinning. Its ability to remove
oxides and salts from metal surfaces insures good metal to metal bonding.
It has the ability to attack metal oxides (MO) to give derivatives of the
formula MZnOCl2. This reaction is relevant to the utility of
ZnCl2 as a flux for soldering - it dissolves oxide coatings exposing
the clean metal surface. Typically this flux was prepared by dissolving zinc
foil in dilute hydrochloric acid until the liquid ceased to evolve hydrogen; for this reason, such flux was
once known as killed spirits or "Marela".
Agriculture: It is very rarely used in agriculture.
it may be reacted with chelating agents to form solutions of zinc
that are biologically available to plants and animals. It's the Chelate
manufacturing that consumes Zinc Chloride.
Petroleum: It is an excellent emulsion
breaker and is used to separate oil from water. It is also an effective
packer fluid in oil and gas wells due to its high specific gravity. However
its a little more costly than the other low specific gravity fluids used in
the process.
Water Treatment: It is used in specialty
corrosion inhibitors in cooling towers, potable water, and in gas and oil
wells.
Resins: It is used in Ion -
Exchange resins production.
Paints: It is used in for the
production of lithopone and as pigment for zinc chromate.
Rubber: Zinc Chloride is used as accelerator
in the vulcanizing process of rubber.
Glue, wood working: It is used in for
the preservation of glue, and for the impregnation of timber.
Printing: It is used in off-set
in the chemical products.
Odor Control: It reacts with sulfide to minimize
release of H2S gas in waste treatment facilities.
Oil-Gas Wells: High-density solutions of zinc chloride and calcium
chloride give good performance in well completion and work-over operations;
the solutions also used as packer fluids under certain well conditions. Zinc
chloride has been used in specialty corrosion inhibitors and invert emulsion
breakers.
Vulcanized Fiber & Reclaimed Rubber: Water-leaf paper is
gelatinized with zinc chloride solution is lesstacky, drier and less
moisture-absorbent than caustic reclaimed rubber. The zinc chloride not only
dissolves the cellulosic fibers in the scrap, but also catalyzes
depolymerization of the elastomer.Similar method is used for Rubber
reclaimed from natural, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and mixed scrap
Animal drug: Zinc Chloride is used for the
production of zinc bacitracin.
Herbicide: Zinc Chloride is used as an herbicide. It is used to
control lichen and moss growing on the roofs of houses and other domestic
dwellings, along walks, driveways, fences, and wherever moss grows
Chemical: Zinc Chloride is used in the
production of ethylacetate. It is used as
condensing agent for the production of organic dye-stuff.
It is used as a stabilizing agent for diazonium compounds.
It is used for the production of active carbon. Zinc
Chloride is used for Friedel Craft Reaction,
Azotropic or Azeotropic
Distillation, Desiccation. Zinc laurate, linoleate Stearate
or resinate can be formed from zinc chloride solutions and solutions of the
corresponding sodium salt. Zinc chloride is a Lewis acid and therefore
electrophilic in character. Its catalytic activity is milder than that of
aluminum chloride in, for example, Friedel-Crafts type reactions. Zinc
chloride is particularly effective in catalyzing reactions that eliminate
molecules of water, ammonia or mercaptans. Its solutions
gelatinize cellulosic materials and induce crosslinking in such polymer
formers as the methylol ureas. It absorbs readily on charcoal or
silica for catalyzing acylations and alkylations by Friedel-Crafts
synthesis. In esterifications and condensation reactions, it
facilitates the elimination of water or ammonia molecules from the
reactants. One example is the Fischer idole synthesis.
Miscellaneous:
Zinc Chloride has been used as a catalyst in production of
methylene chloride from methyl alcohol.
In the textile industry it has found use in resin systems
to impart durable press to cotton and synthetic fabrics.
It has been used in reclaiming rubber where it dissolves
rayon cord.
In conjunction with sodium dichromate it has made an
excellent wood preservative.
Zinc Chloride has found use in the manufacture of glue,
diazo dyes, paper, cosmetics, rayon, synthetic fibers, disinfectants and
fire fighting foam.
In ore refining it has been used as a flotation agent.
Zinc Chloride is an excellent source of zinc as a starting
material in the production of other zinc chemicals and is an effective
catalyst for removing molecules of water, ammonia or mercaptants.
Zinc
Chloride is used for Friedel Craft Reaction,
Azotropic or Azeotropic
Distillation, Desiccation & Karl Fischer.
In the laboratory, zinc chloride finds wide use, principally as a
moderate-strength Lewis acid. It can catalyze the Fischer indole synthesis
and also Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions involving activated aromatic
rings.
Related to the latter is the classical preparation of the dye fluorescein
from phthalic anhydride and resorcinol, which involves a Friedel-Crafts
acylation.
Hydrochloric acid alone reacts poorly with primary alcohols and secondary
alcohols, but a combination of the acid with Zninc Chloride (known together as
the "Lucas reagent") at 130°C is effective for the preparation of alkyl
chlorides. This probably reacts via an SN2 mechanism with primary
alcohols but via SN1 with secondary alcohols.
Zinc chloride is also able to activate benzylic and allylic halides
towards substitution by weak nucleophiles such as alkenes
In similar fashion, Zinc Chloride promotes selective NaBH3CN
reduction of tertiary, allylic or benzylic halides to the corresponding
hydrocarbons.
Zinc chloride is also a useful starting point for the synthesis of many
organozinc reagents, such as those used in the palladium catalyzed Negishi
coupling with aryl halides or vinyl halides. In such cases the organozinc
compound is usually prepared by transmetallation from an organolithium or a
Grignard reagent.
Zinc enolates, prepared from alkali metal enolates and ZnCl2,
provide control of stereochemistry in aldol condensation reactions due to
chelation on to the zinc. This is because the chelate is more stable when
the bulky phenyl group is pseudo-equatorial rather than pseudo-axial, i.e.,
threo rather than erythro. For a detailed write up on the
subject go to University
of Zinc Chloride
For more information contact
manufacturer at:
MUBY CHEMICALS
S-8,
SARIFA
MANSION,
2ND
FLANK ROAD,
CHINCHBUNDER, MUMBAI 400009,
INDIA.
TEL: (OFFICE) 91-22-23770100,
23774610, 23726950, 23723564. FAX: 91-22-23728264.
e-mail:
info@mubychem.com
Cell Call to
Anmol: +91-9821870100 or Ambrish:
+91-9821570100
Copyright
and Usual Disclaimer
is Applicable.
Last updated:
01 November, 2009.
University of Phase Change Material
Zinc Chloride
Zinc
Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent & Food Grade
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent Food Grade
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Chloride BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent Food Grade
Sodium. Acetate
Sodium Acetate BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical Reagent Food Grade
Sodium Thiosulphate or Sodium Thiosulfate
Sodium Thiosulfate or Sodium Thiosulphate BP USP IP ACS AR Analytical
Reagent Food Grade
Iron Sulphide or Ferrous Sulfide
Sodium Bromide
Potassium Bromide ,
Zinc Sulphate or Zinc Sulfate
Sodium Diacetate
Zinc Ammonium Chloride
